214 THE SHEPHERD'S MANUAL. 



ness. The remedy is to bleed copiously from the neck and to 

 give the following to a large animal. 



Linseed-oil 2 ounces. 



Laudanum. 2 drams. 



For smaller animals the dose should be reduced proportionately. 

 If there is no improvement the second day, the bleeding should be 

 repeated from the other side of the neck, and one ounce of linseed 

 oil be given daily until relief is procured. Diuretics and saline 

 purgatives should be avoided. After improvement the food should 

 be light, and infusions of linseed-meal or of gum arabic, would be 

 useful. 



Sediment in the Urinary Canal. Highly fed sheep, or those 

 fed on dry pastures, which are deficient in water, or those care- 

 lessly denied a full supply of water in winter, when they are fed 

 grain in less or greater quantities rams and wethers especially 

 are those which are subject to this disorder. Females, from the 

 large capacity of the canal, are never, or very rarely, affected. But 

 in male animals the peculiar appendage, called the vermiform, or 

 worm-like appendage, through which the canal finds its exit, be- 

 ing very small, an easy obstruction is offered to the passage and 

 discharge of any sandy or muddy deposit of the urine. Small 

 stony concretions are often discovered attached to the wool or 

 hairs around the vent on the belly of the sheep. When these are 

 noticed, extra care should be exercised to give abundant water by 

 which the deposit may be dissolved and carried away. When the 

 deposits have been arrested in this narrow passage, the urine is 

 seen to pass drop by drop and the animal exhibits great pain and 

 uneasiness. All the symptoms of retention of urine then appear. 

 The treatment is to place the animal on his rump and draw the 

 penis out of the sheath. It will be found inflamed and tender. 

 It should be fomented with warm water, and the urethra or canal 

 below it gently pressed with the fingers to force out the urine and 

 with it the sediment. If this is successful even in part, some 

 sweet-oil should be applied to the parts, and a rather large dose 

 of linseed-oil be administered along with an antispasmodic to act 

 on the neek of the bladder, viz : 



Linseed-oil 3 ounces. 



Extract of Belladonna 10 grains. 



On the following day the urethra should be again examined, and 

 the manipulation be again repeated. One dram of Carbonate of 

 Potash should then be given, dissolved in water, three times 

 a day. If fever is present, the belladonna may be repeated, 

 but only in case of urgency. No saline purgatives are to be 



