DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. 215 



given in affections of the bladder. If the sediment cannot be passed, 

 it will be necessary to remove it by an operation. A lengthwise in- 

 cision is made, with a small sharp knife blade, at the junction of 

 the vermiform appendage with the urethra, on the lower surface, 

 and the stones or gravel are removed by pressure. It may be dis- 

 covered in this manner, that the obstructions exist all along the 

 urethra, in which case there is no hope of recovery, and the ani- 

 mal may be slaughtered. In case of wethers the vermiform 

 appendage of the penis may be cut off at once. In rams it may be 

 saved if possible, although it is not absolutely necessary for suc- 

 cessful stock getting. It may be well, however, to be on the safe 

 side, and save the part out of respect to the generally accepted be- 

 lief that it is needful. It is known, however, that many rams 

 which had lost the part by this operation, did not lose their useful- 

 ness in consequence. 



Calculi, or stone in the bladder. For this disease there is no 

 remedy, and if after the fact has been ascertained by the previously 

 described operation, or in any other way, the animal may be killed. 



Clap or Gonorrhea. This disease affects the sheath and ^enia) 

 of the rani The first symptoms are very similar to those of sedi- 

 ment in the urethra. There is gre.at pain in urinating, and the 

 urine comes by a few drops at a time. In course of time a white 

 acrid discharge escapes, and this, in case of neglect causes ulceration, 

 which may destroy the organ. Rams thus affected should not be 

 used, as the disease is contagious, and the symptoms are aggrava- 

 ted. The causes are excessive work and want of cleanliness. The 

 treatment consists of turning the animal on its back, withdrawing 

 the penis gently, holding it with a soft linen cloth wetted with the 

 lotion mentioned below, until all the diseased parts are seen. 

 The organ is then bathed and washed thoroughly with the follow- 

 ing lotion, viz : 



Spirits of Camphor 4 ounces. 



Sugar of Lead 1 ounce. 



Sulphate of Zinc 2 ounces. 



Water 1 quart. 



Mix and bottle for use. If any of the ewes have become diseased 

 by contact with a diseased ram, a soft linen cloth may be wrapped 

 around the finger, dipped in the solution, and inserted in the parts 

 until they are thoroughly washed. Or a portion may be injected 

 with a syringe. A daily dressing should be given until a cure 

 commences, afterwards twice a week will be sufiicient. One ounce 

 of linseed oil should be given every other day until the urine 

 passes freely. The food should be laxative, and nothing stimulat- 



