DISEASES OF THE BRAIN AND NERVES. 217 



violent, dashing hither and thijher regardless of danger or damage 

 to themselves. Lambs thus affected leap and throw themselves 

 about as if in violent play, until they fall and die in convulsions. 

 The only remedy is copious bleeding from the neck, and active 

 purging with salts. In this case no accompanying stimulant is 

 needed, and for a full-grown animal, the dose may be increased 

 one-half above the usual quantity. There is always congestion of 

 the brain accompanying this disease, and treatment must be in- 

 stant, lest in the muscular excitement the vessels of the brain be 

 ruptured and sudden death ensue. 



Paralysis Trembles. This disease is a different manifestation 

 of the effects of pressure of blood upon the brain from the two 

 diseases previously described. In this disease, in addition to the 

 base of the brain, the spinal marrow and the nervous system con- 

 nected therewith are affected, the congestion occupying a consid- 

 erable portion of the vertebral canal. Its effects are varied. In 

 some cases the animal loses the power over some of its limbs ; the 

 hinder half of the bodies of some are lendered incapable of mo- 

 tion ; in others, the sheep stands, trembles violently, with ( the 

 head drawn back or to one side, the jaws are tightly closed, 'and 

 froth is forced through the teeth and lips ; the breathing is hur- 

 ried, and the fit which lasts for a short time, recurs at short inter- 

 vals. At other times the animal, which may appear perfectly 

 well, will suddenly spring from the ground, scream, and fall dead. 

 Others will fall deprived of motion, and remain sprawling, with 

 limbs stretched out, until they die of starvation. The power of 

 swallowing is gone, and there is generally very great difficulty of 

 breathing in consequence of the affection of the pneumo-gastric 

 nerve and the resulting paralysis or spasmodic condition of the 

 muscles of the throat and chest. Animals in poor condition sub- 

 jected to cold and exposure, suffer mostly from this peculiar form 

 of disease. 



The treatment proper to these varied cases, depends upon 

 whether the patient is in the active or collapsed condition. On 

 the first attack, bleeding from the facial vein is the proper remedy, 

 and generally gives immediate relief. But after the animal has 

 passed through this stage, a condition of collapse follows, and in- 

 stead of depletion, the opposite course is necessary to be taken. 

 Tonics and stimulants are then needed. Warm milk or gruel, 

 sweetened and mixed with ginger, followed by a teaspoonful of 

 aromatic spirits of ammonia, or one scruple of carbonate of ammo- 

 nia, mixed with gum water of cold linseed tea, should be given. 

 If the bowels are constipated, a dose of linseed-oil (but no salts), 



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