VII.] 



KUKLANKAS AND PARKAS. 



143 



exactly resembling those in use in Lapland, — made of soft leather 

 throughout, the sole included. The toe is slightly turned up, 

 probably to keep the feet in place when in snow-shoes, and the 



OUR COSTUME ON THE LOWER KAMSCHATKA. 



boot is tightly stuffed with fine hay, which is intended to supply 

 the place of stocking and sole combined. The kvManJca is merely 

 a double ixirka, having the fur both outside and inside. 



On the morning of the 4th September w^e left Melcova and 



