PREVENTIVE AND ro.MliATIVE MEASURES. 



on a roadside as in some countries, is an object of >uch value 

 that, if need be, costly methods can be employed mi its liehalt'. 

 Its branches must be kept free of all intruders like the 

 mistletoe, witches' brooms, mosses and lichens, and above all. 

 from the sporophores which indicate the presence of a wood- 

 destroying fungus. This is all the more easy because the trees 

 are frequently closely examined for pruning, for crop, or tor 

 insect attacks. The sporophores of fungi on stems and branches 

 should, as already indicated, be early and carefully cut out, the 

 wound scraped and tarred over. 1 In this way the fungus will 

 lie deprived of its sporophores and the safety of other trees 

 ensured, although it must be remembered that the mycelium 

 still continues to destroy the wood and probably to produce 

 new sporophores. If the sporophores appear on weak branches, 

 these would best be completely cut oft' and the cut end tarred 

 over. Trees although diseased and requiring annually to have 

 sporophores cut out should still be spared, as they often continue 

 to live and yield heavily for years. Amongst the sporophores 

 which appear frequently on fruit-trees are those of /'u///y./-//.s 

 igniarius, /'. t /W/-//x, /'. ///.^m/^, /'. -s///y ////// //x, /'. .sy'"""". s "- s '. 

 /'. spumeus, ////'//////// Schiedermayri, and others to be more closely 

 considered in the special part of this work. 



Particular attention of this kind is of course more ditlicult 

 for the park-gardener, because his trees are hi-her and stand 

 closer together. The trees are, however, of less value individually 

 than fruit-trees. It is advisable, as far as possible, to keep tin- 

 trees clean, to tar all wounds and to remove poorly develop,..! 

 branches ami stems. 



To the forester in hi-h forest all this is, however, a matter 

 of ditliculty. The trees are high, the forest lar-e, and tin- 

 individual trees of a value which dors not allow of cosily 

 labour bein<_' expended on them. Yrt tin-re is one forest 

 operation in which a plantation may at small COS! hr ea-tly 



cleared of di>easi-d stems. This is the repeated proe t ->s M f 

 thinning, during which all diseased and backward breea >hoiild 

 be felled. In forests "f hiidi value with hi^h-priced timber 

 and near towns or centres of industry, this cleanini: out 18, of 

 <-i,ur-e. easy, but in remote forots with a small \\orkin- >ial1', 



' Tin- >|ini-ii|i||iin-- i-.iiuii.i In- oiiinvi-il IIMI \IMIIIL; ; tin 1 \\'>miil-- |u <i,|\i, .-.I 

 l|--ati-i| \silli t;ir ; B66 Sci-t lull III., 1 1. 77. 



