THK r.VIlloi.KNlo ITNt.l UK I'l.ANTS. 



In:, 



obscure and is replaced l>y numerous and complex mod.-- of 

 asexual multiplication. 



Tin- lower form- of tuiiui, in the structure of tin- thallus, mode 

 of reproduction, and adaptation to an aquatic life, exhibit distinct 

 relationship with the Algae, particularly with the Siph&neae. 



Since the fungi do not possess chlorophyll, their nutrition 

 is carried out by the absorption of organixed mail-rial in a 

 saprophytic or parasitic manner. I'ara-itic fun-i are tin- cause 

 of numerous and dangerous diseases of plants, whereas the\ 

 only rarely bring about a diseased condition of the animal body. 

 I'.acteria on the oilier hand, which cause so many animal diseases, 

 seldom affect plants injuriously. While many parasites are 

 strictly limited to a parasitic mode of life, a laigc number 

 naturally spend a part of their lives as saprophytes, and others 

 may be made to do so artificially on nutritive substrata 

 under suitable conditions. The latter method forms in fact a 

 valuable aid for completing our imperfect knowledge of the 

 life-histories of parasitie forms. In addition to the well-marked 

 parasitic fungi, there are many saprophytic forms which become 

 parasitic for a relatively short time or under -pi-rial condition- 

 of environment. 



The Kungi are divisible into two large uioup.-. the lo\\er 

 fungi (I'hycomyceie- 1 and higher fungi < Mycomycetes). 



The systems instituted by various investigators differ not 

 a little from each other. Three of the principal ar> 



DK K.\i:v. 

 ( I ) Pli\ i-niii_\ cetea 



(2) l".-t il; 



:;, \ -,-,, in \ , 



I "l ilii,.-;i.- 



(.',) 1 ;.,-!. 1 1.. my. . 



ZOPF. 



1 I ) 1'ln i'"in\ cetea 



(2) M vi-uiii\ cetea 



(") iJasididiiiv, etea 

 (/-) I Fredineae 



(-) I '-t il;i-iiif;n- 



BREFELD. 



(1) IMi VL-IIII\ cetea 





Fiin-i 



) M \ com) cetea 



\ omycetea l'.;i-iilii- 

 in\ cetea 



\Ve -hull 



follow ill 1 ' 



n 



the jire-eiit work consider the I-'IUIIM in the 



l.o\\er l-'iin-i or Phycomyceti 



< 'hytridiaei-ae, Zygomycetes, < >omyceti 



Higher l-'iin-i or Mycomyce: 



AjBcomycetes. 



Ustilagineae, I'l-edim-ae, I '.a -idiom \eetr-. 



