contain many asci, and the envelope is pierced by a definite 

 aperture. 



Brefeld endeavours to explain tin- as.-orarp of the Erysipheae from tli>- 

 -porangial stnietmvs of tin- 7.\ - '-p"iva- (AV/ /:-/"/.. and Jf<>/-fi< /'/) : I L- 

 Har\ - 1 and Zo]>f,- on the other hand, see in it an oo^p,,raiiL,'iuni. like tliat 

 of tli- < (..-p. ir.-ae. I'nder this latter view tin- envelop.- .,f tin- < ;up.>a--i is 

 morphologically homologous to the antheridia of tin- Sapi-ole^nieae and 

 Peronosporeae. In the latter grou]> the antheridiuni u'-ii.-rally tak.-- the 

 form of an open fertilization-tube, in the Saprole-'nii-ae it remains elo-.-d, 

 and is physiologically no longer an antheridinm. Xopf found in on.- of 

 the Saprolegnieae (Dictyuchus C'H-i>i>i>lt<>i-nx), an enve|..p.- r.-s.-iiililin.ir that 

 ^){ the Erysipheae, and on this ground lie, along with I > llary, links the 

 Krysipheae to < )oiuyeetes like .1 /_///,/ through forms lik.- /'/./.<y</,'( /'. 



The reproductive cells or ascospores result from direct nuclear 

 division inside the asci. They arc uc-in'rally simple and uni- 

 cellular, lut it is not uncciinuiiii to tind that, by the 1'nnuation 

 of cross and longitudinal walls, i-ach spore forms a cell aggre- 

 gation (sporidesm of 1'e Uary), with each cell capalile .if 

 germination on its .\vii account. The numlier of cells in each 

 aggregation, as well as the si/e and shape of each cell, are in 

 many cases constant, and form points for the deiei-minatinn of 

 -pecies. Appendages to the spuivs are characteristic of many 

 species. 



The ( 'arpoasei possess, in addition to ascospores, other 

 means of reproduction. Thus, thick-walled chlamydosporea m-eur 

 either in the mycelium as resting-spores (////^'"//'//"^). "r as 

 spores (oidia) resulting from a lireaking-up nf hyphae. 

 .Many kinds of conidia may also lie jinnluci-d. some fn>m the 

 germinating ascospores, some alijointcd from a liraiich <>!' the 

 mycelium or tVum <ome t'orm of special coiiidioplioiv. Tie 

 latter may be produced isolated, or ma-sed to-.-ther in hollous 

 of the ^troma, or in closed structures resembling ascocarps, 

 and called pyciiidia. The various 1'oi'ins of reprodiiet i\ c organs 

 piv-mted by each species will be more do-.-ly eonsidered 

 \ve proceed. 



The ('arpoasei are arranged, according t" the structure of 

 the ascocarps, under the following divisions: the I'eri 

 poriaceae ryi-enomycet.-- Ily-teri.ic.-.ie. Discomycetes, and Hd- 



' I > K.ll V. /,' "'/'/;/ . inn/-filt. il. /'//(/-/'./. '/. /' 

 /"|il. /,'..'/././ . I'liii'inl ii. iii':r/i/i. a- <</ i- <>i /<!;/ i\//ii it. II" II ''. Is'i.'! 



