i HI: HI.I.VKLI.AI KAI . i 1 ;:- 



* ////c ndw . 



The Helvellaceae. 



Thi.- family is well known, sunn- as p"i-onou<. others 

 edilile fun-i (morel, etc.), ;ni<l a few are suspected f hem- para- 

 sites. The asco-vnoii- layer occupies the upper surface of the 

 -porophore-;, which -TOW nn the earth and a.-siime many various 

 form-. A> a rule they are erect and fle.-hy. ami nmre or l t ->- 



lulled, wrinkled, or folded. 



QSTILAGINE \K 



The I'-iila-im-ae or Smut-i'un-i are distinguished l>y theii 

 dark-eulunred or black chlamydospores, which, on -ei minatinn. 

 pri'duee some form ni' jirmnyeeliuni eapalde nf ^ivin^ rise \ 

 an indetinite nnnil'er nf cnnidia <>r sjmridia. 1 The chlamydospores 



tlieni-eh-e^ ,i\,- pi nlnced in hiru't' nnniliers fn>ni a myeeliuni. 

 and <er\'e a> re.-tin^-spnres to carry the l'un;ju> thruii-h the 

 winter, beinu "t'teii, in fact, the nnly part which persists. An 

 end'i-enuus 1'nrniatiiin of spores in sporangia as in the lowei 

 fitn-i. or in a-ci as in the Ascomycetes. doe- not occur in 

 the I'stila^iiieac. I'redineae. or r>asidioniyceie~. 



The restin^-spiiie- of the I'stila-iueae contain only one 

 nucleii-. the re-nit of copulation of two nuclei ; their formation 

 thus marks the end of one -em-ration, and their -ermination 



the lie-inilin'4 of a ne\\. In the ease of the I'lvdineae. I'.a-idio- 

 mycetes, and Ascomycetes, the lu-Minnin- of the new -em-ration 

 i> indicated l.y the germination of the teleutospore, the formation 

 of lia^idio>poie> on the liasidium. ami the germination of the 



a-.-, -p. iiv respectively. 



All the r>iila-ineae are parasitic on hi-hcr plants, the 

 mycelium -PAS in- int ercellularl\ and nourished \<y niean> of 

 haii-toria sunk into the host-cells. The mycelium it.-elf cai, 

 neither di-ea-e nor deformation of plant-, and it i> only \\hcii 



lli.-t'.-lil regards tin- |.n.iii\.-i-liiini .t' tin- I not, lik-- !' !' 



a mycelial structure, but as a conidiophore -i i'.i-iili:il >n m-iuri-. In met 



uiili this \ic\\ In- |, "Up, ili'- Btamibaaicli 



roonding to the Uatilagineae, Brefeld then subdivides diis group into i ula 



'./;/.., S/,/,'1, I,,H, ''. I ' Mil.- 



bate] '.liiyrc-linin ; an.! (b) Till' I : . / 



10, I'll, rap] ' i. itli DOD pi..ni\ . 



'I ' . . Is-s::. ;in.l II. -It XI., 188 



