USTILAGO. 



Knowles, 1 Cu^ini,- and "\Yakker :; have in\ e-ti^ated the 

 anatomical changes produced l.y this fungus. The latt>-i 

 investigator found that tlie xylem-elements with unlignified 

 walls remain incompletely developed, and have a peculiarly 

 twisted course: that normal sieve-tubes are absent; that the 

 cells of parenchyma undergo secondary division, and give ri-e 

 to ;i new tissue provided with little fibrovascular bundle.-. and 

 rich in starch-contents, in other \\ords, a nutritive tissue to lie 

 u-ed up in the spore-formation of the smut. 



Tin- disease may be found wherever mai/e is cultivated. 

 and often causes a very serious diminution in the har\ 

 It may be combated by early removal and destruction of the 

 smut --alls. As a preventive measure, tin- treatment of seed-corn 

 with copper sulphate solution 4 is recommended. The avoidance 

 of fresh manure is also advisable, since conidia capable of v..-rmi- 

 nation may be lod-t d in it. 



The following are the results of an experiment o;iiried out 

 at my instigation I'V I'n>fe--or Wollny in his experimental 

 plot- at Munich. Three plots were selected distant from each 

 other about 70 metres. On L'nd May, IS'.i:;, these were marked 

 out in rows 40 centimetres apart, in which mai/e was sown at 

 intervals of ."o c.m. The ^rain was previously mixed with 

 -mut--pores obtained from the Tyrol in autumn. IS'.i'J. 1'lot 

 Xo. 1 was left without manure. No. 1' was treated with old, 

 No. " with fresh cow-manure. Mai/e had never been -rown 

 in the vicinity, so that no infection could result from external 

 source-. The results were : 



Snilitti -I. 

 Numl>ri iif 1'lant-. AI<>1. iVr o-nt. 



I'l'.t No. I, tiiiiiianui 1'ii, II s O o 



l', ull rn\\ -lillilillfr, I L' I - 1 '<! 



3, n-\\ i-i\v-iiiaiiiii . . 1 1'.i' II 



Ustilago Schweinitzii Tul. t'n>in Caroliua I'.S.A. i- pn.l.alily i.|.-nt n-.il 

 \\itli f'.-r. ,, i, /,/,'.<. 



Ust. Fischeri Pass. 1 Thi- smut. <.lisen,.,l in up|>d- ltal\, 



1 Kn'iii--. K. .1., A/ii'i-. Journal of Mycology, \'\. i\.. 



I Qgini, " II iMllnmr d.-| -r.ili'i tlin'ii. Hull. <I>H. tfat, . I ;/;'//. '// .!/' '. Is'l] 



Wakker, Pringsheim'a Jahrbwh, IM. _. ivi-J. 



".'in-ial I 1 . ui, "-li.-i|i. \i., ainl &!BO " Vergleicheiule 1'nti-i -u. Inn 

 li. Flu.'lu.tiiil.irti-n." I' !! berg in /-/;/ fl 189.1 



Pa erini, Jtwt'ii botan. Jahrbuch, I.^MI, \>. !_'.". 



