<;YMN<>Sl'i >KANi. II M. 393 



AVoernle iuvrsULMted the anatomical changes indiuvd hy the 

 various f ,'///// ,/,/x/;,./w,////,/ frei[Uentim_;- the tuius ami needle- of 

 Jan ij ///* communis. In the needles tin- mycelium live- inti-i- 

 cellularly, at first out.-ide the endodermis, hut later al><> penetrating 

 within thi>. Tin- spuro^-nous cushions originate mi tin- upper 

 surface of the leaf tn riulit and li-ft nt' the middle nerve, 

 where the stmuata m-citr and hy]>iiderm is ali-cnt. At these 

 places a cushion or stroma of pseudoparenchyma is produced 

 and ruptures the epidermis ( l-'iu. L'L'iii. This however i- at 

 once healed over hy a rork-formation i-oiiml the mai-in of tin- 

 cushion, a^ain to lie ruptured as tin- latter increases in >i/e, 

 once more to In- ln-alt-d ly cork-formation, and so on. In 



a 



i [i 226 ' im] | normalJuniper-iieedle with i I '- 



In a tlj' 'l"nt,|i_- iiiitliiiu iiniiiMtL's tin- \i .< 

 the ruiitr.il v:i.M-iil:ir Imii'lk 1 aii'l :tii underlying ri;>iii-iMii.il ;iiv .-h'i\\i 



ale.) 



this way a corky layer is formed under the sporogenoua cushion 

 and gradually ilisplact-.s it. If in a following year the cushion 

 In- a-ain formed, the scar is ruptured and In-aN as before. 

 NTeedlea frequently remain in po>ition 1'nr two, three, \- f.mr 

 years, hut ino>t of them fall oil' in the tir>t autumn. I'nder 

 the sporogenous i-ushion the eells ol' the me.-.,phyll tiier 

 1'oth in numlii-r and <i/e. 



In eon-ideriim the twig-deformations, \\""einle di>tin-ui^he- 

 tin- form a>-umi-d 1 'V the Gyffinosporangium on the needle>. aa 



just de-eriiieil, from a form \\hidi inhahits the tliiekei- t \\ 



Hot h cause deformation of twigs, but their efifects diffei as f"llo\\ v 



The aeedle-inhabiting foi-m ean only cause a >li-hi >\\ellin^ 



e\tendin^' almost ie-ulaily nuiiid the uho|e ;\\i-: the t \-. 

 ilihaliitiirj lorm. mi tin- othei- hand, al\\a tn a \<\\ 



