98 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETi^. 



this will be more likely to be done if we utilize a different type 

 of tree, and'pdant it with the definite idea that when the time 

 comes those trees are coming out. 



The distance apa^ our standard trees are planted is forty 

 feet between the i'ftws, and thirty-five feet in the row. If 

 planted with sortie oth^r variety, it would be thirty feet in the 

 row and thirty-five feet between the rows. That form of plant- 

 ing will as a usual thing give the trees ample space for at least 

 a generation. 



Plant the trees carefully and head them back when you plant 

 them. Let us try to change the form of our tall trees to the 

 more modern, low headed type. In order to do that we must 

 get a reasonably low-headed tree in the first place ; not too low, 

 but if you take my judgment you will get an average tree headed 

 about three or three and a half feet high for a standard tree. It 

 is necessary to get a certain length of stem to your tree if you are 

 to have a tree of good bearing capacity ; and you all know that 

 you cannot get a good class of apples unless you have a tree that 

 is capable of producing them. So I say get a stem of moderate 

 height, so when your tree comes to its proper size you will have 

 a tree of good bearing capacity. 



When the trees are planted, my idea in regard to the pruning 

 of them is to prune each little branch back to within about two 

 or three buds of the parent stem, leaving those buds in a way 

 that they may make a frame work in the air. If you don't you 

 will get something away up in the air, unless you cut it off, and 

 the best time to cut it off is when it is young. Just build a 

 frame work around an open center. Sometimes you find a tree 

 in bad shape, and it is pretty difificult to do this, but with the 

 average nursery tree and the average variety you can do it. 



See that the tree makes a good growth the first year. That 

 gives you a chance to head it back again, heading back about 

 half or oiie-third of the growth that it has made that year, and 

 continuing that heading back as long as you can reach the 

 branches. It gives a more compact, solid form of a tree. It is 

 a better business type of a tree and after it begins to bear and 

 spread, the shape of the tree will always be so that it will help 

 you in all your operations. I do not care how old it may be, I 

 do not want a tree that will require more than a twenty foot 



