state; POMOI.OGICAI, SOCIETY. 55 



treme. After the second spraying the leaves showed very great 

 and widespread injury two days after the second appHcation. 

 The tissues were in cases thoroughly scorched or burnt. De- 

 foliation was severe and the growing processes of the trees ap- 

 preciably hindered for this season. Not only was the fruit 

 very badly damaged after the second application, but more in- 

 jury was done it after the third, which was applied at the rate 

 of but three-sixteenths of a gallon to 50 gallons of water, — a 

 dilution greater than the weakest strength recommended by the 

 manufacturers. The fruit was stunted in growth, deformed, 

 badly cracked and blackened at the calyx or "blow" end. The 

 nature of this injury varied. In some cases the calyx end was 

 sunken, in others a similar burning of the tissues was found 

 on the side of the apple, sometimes accompanied by splitting 

 of the skin. Almost 50 per cent of the fruit was so aflfected to 

 some degree. 



It is only fair, however, to state that it has not yet been shown 

 that this injury is due to the Sulfocide itself. It is possible, — 

 and we are at present somewhat inclined to this view, — that the 

 injury may be due to a combination of Sulfocide with lead arse- 

 nate whereby arsenic is set free in a form capable of doing the 

 damage. V^ery similar injuries due to Paris green used with 

 bordeaux have been noted at the Missouri Fruit Station. This 

 is a point to be more fully determined, and for that reason we 

 give you our observations and not conclusions. The speaker 

 saw the orchard of Dr. J. F. Moulton of Limington last Sep- 

 tember, and the trees, sprayed with Sulfocide and Paris green 

 with some lime added, were in excellent condition. This much, 

 however, may be said at present; if lime-sulphur sprays, either 

 commercial or home made, plus arsenate oi lead, will give at 

 least as good results as Sulfocide plus Paris green, then the bal- 

 ance is in favor of lime-sulphur, for Paris green is too unre- 

 liable to use, considering its capacity for burning foliage. 



Coming now to the check or unsprayed rows, of which there 

 were two plots, one at each end of the experimental block, we 

 find that scab played havoc on both fruit and foliage. In addi- 

 tion to this, these divisions were the only ones where insect dep- 

 redations occurred to any extent at all. Codling moth was here 

 at work, and several of the leaf-eating caterpillars, including 



