STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 7^ 



orchards in Virginia, where it was planted in an earUer day 

 when it was assumed that because it was good in one place it 

 would of necessity be equally good in all places. While it still 

 retains many of the unmistakable Baldwin characteristics when 

 grown in Virginia and other southern sections, it becomes a 

 very inferior and all but worthless fall apple, except possibly 

 when produced at some of the highest elevations in the moun- 

 tains. Similarly the Northern Spy at southern points becomes 

 a fall variety — a fall variety in more ways than one — because 

 the fruit nearly all falls to the ground before it is ripe, and 

 whether it drops or not the most of it rots before maturity; and 

 further, it lacks the crispness and flavor characteristic of this 

 variety when it is grown under favorable conditions. Again, 

 the Yellow Bellflower, which is familiar to most of you, is 

 usually marketed in August when grown in the Ozark region, 

 as it is in ' considerable quantities, but little does an Ozark- 

 grown Yellow Bellflower resemble the well grown Yellow 

 Bellflower of the northern orchards. In the Ozarks, it has a 

 pale lemon-yellow color and a sharp, cutting, acid flavor with the 

 peculiar chr.racteristic Yellow Bellflower flavor entirely want- 

 ing. And the Winesap, which is to many apple districts in the 

 middle latitudes about what the Baldwin is to the northern dis- 

 tricts becomes, when grown in "Baldwin country" what a typi- 

 cal Virginian would call a "very sorry apple," being small, 

 tough in texture and very poorly finished. 



A single example will suffice to call attention to the fact that 

 not all varieties respond in the same degree to the influence of 

 conditions. The White Pippin, a variety which I think is not 

 uncommon in Maine, is widely distributed though not exten- 

 sively grown in any region so far as I know ; but I have seen 

 it in the South, in Missouri, in Kansas, and in other widely 

 separated points. The strange thing about it is that it shows 

 so little variation in all these dififerent regions. While there 

 is a difiference in its keeping quality, so far as flavor, texture, 

 external markings, etc., are concerned, a White Pippin grown 

 m Maine is not materially different from one grown in the 

 South, in Missouri or elsewhere, so far as my observation goes. 

 And so we might go on indefinitely multiplying such exam- 

 ples to show how a variety is the product of the conditions 

 under which it develops. In passing, it may not be without 



