STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 31 



tural agent in Oxford county, drove with me through nearly 

 lOO miles of your orchards, and I must say that Mr. Yealon is 

 doing work in Oxford county that deserves the highest com- 

 mendation. While on that drive I was impressed with the im- 

 portance of cultivation, or the conserving of soil moisture and 

 the importance of frost protection, as well as the value of spray- 

 ing. But as the other two are out of my province I shall con- 

 fine myself to spraying only. 



In spraying for insects we try to arrange our sprays so as to 

 coincide with the sprays for fungous diseases and so make one 

 application do for both. Air. Yeaton tells me that you, as a 

 rule, apply three sprays in your best orchards ; the first, dor- 

 mant, for blister mite; the second, pink bud for blackscab; the 

 third, immediately after the blossoms for codling moth. The 

 two sprays, one before and one after the blossoms, are, above 

 all others, the two that control the spring insects on the or- 

 chard and are the two that we depend upon in Nova Scotia to 

 pay about twice over for all of the four or five sprays that 

 we apply in insect control alone. Then, if it is a wet season 

 and black spot is bad, our profits from controlling black spot 

 may be added to the hundred per cent that we have already 

 made in controlling insects ; in other words, the insurance 

 against black spot, which sometimes spoils 80 to 90 per cent of 

 some varieties, we regard as absolutely free. We have paid 

 twice over for our spray in insect control. The extent to 

 which this is true in Maine orchards of course depends upon 

 the number of insects present; and, before going further along 

 this line, I shall go into the life histories of some of your most 

 important insects. 



Your President, ]\Ir. Conant, and i\Ir. Yeaton have asked me 

 to take up the following insects which they consider important, 

 in the order named : Codling moth, bud-moth, fruit or apple 

 worm, tent caterpillar, canker worm, oyster shell scale. San 

 Jose scale, fall webworm, red humped caterpillar, yellow necked 

 caterpillar and tussock moth. 



Codling Moth. 



This is the insect that causes the ordinary wormy apple. It 

 passes the winter as a larvae in a fine cocoon under the rough 



