32 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



bark of trees, in boxes about packing houses, etc. In the 

 spring it pupates and about the time the blossoms open the first 

 adults emerge and begin depositing their eggs on the apple 

 leaves — the eggs are very small silvery scales, deposited on 

 either side of the leaf. After the blossoms fall a number of 

 egg6 are deposited on the young fruit, but the majority are 

 deposited on the leaves and a large proportion of the young 

 larvae feed extensively on the leaves before entering the fruit. 

 Often they enter the fruit at the blossom end before the calyx 

 cup closes and entomologists for years have dilated on the im- 

 portance of getting the calyx lobes filled with poison before the 

 calyx cups close. 



According to Siegler and Simanton, in Bulletin 252 of the 

 United States Bureau of Entomology, from one to two per 

 cent only of the first brood of codling moth in Maine pupaes 

 to form a second brood. So the second brood is of no import- 

 ance, where the spring brood is controlled. The spray recom- 

 mended for codling moth is lead arsenate, two to three pounds 

 to 50 gallons of water, applied as soon as the blossoms fall. 

 This spray properly applied will control some 95 per cent of the 

 codling moth, under ordinary conditions. 



Another spray which I have seen recommended, but which 

 I found controlled over 70 per cent of the codling moth in Nova 

 Scotia, is that applied immediately before the blossoms. The 

 fact that this spray controls so much codling moth shows that 

 the codling moth feeds on the foliage to a much greater extent 

 than we ever suspected. It also shows us that if we are to get 

 the maximum control of codling moth we must apply a poison 

 spray immediately before as well as immediately after the 

 blossoms. 



The codling moth in Nova Scotia has demonstrated to us in 

 a most striking manner the injury which our neighbors are 

 doing us by not spraying, as well as the benefit that they get 

 free from our spraying. When I can first remember, twenty 

 years ago, the codling moth was the principal insect pest of the 

 Annapolis Valley. At that time only an occasional orchard was 

 sprayed. At the present time 87 per cent of the orchards in 

 Kings county and 63 per cent of the orchards in Annapolis 

 county are sprayed and in my five years' work there I have 



