STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 37 



the ground and pupates about one or two inches below the sur- 

 face and emerges as an adult in September, flies about until 

 winter and hibernates under rubbish. 



The two sprays which are effective in fruit worm control are 

 the one immediately before the blossoms open and the one 

 immediately after the blossoms fall. We get from 60 to 75 per 

 cent reduction in fruit worm injury in Nova Scotia from these 

 two sprays. 



The fruit worm adults are among our strongest flying moths 

 and flying for such a long period in the fall and spring, we 

 would expect the wind to be a great factor in the distribution of 

 this insect. In examining various orchards we find this to be 

 the case. We find wind-swept orchards, as a rule, fairly free 

 from this pest ; while orchards protected in hollows by hedges, 

 etc., where moths blow in but do not blow out, are invariably 

 most heavily infested. 



Tent Caterpillar and Canker Worm. 



These two insects I shall take up together, as a good orchard- 

 ist would consider them as jokes rather than as serious pests. 

 They put me in mind of the old Irishwoman who said that 

 "Willy was the best natured one in the whole family, if you 

 only gave him his own way." So <these two insects are the 

 most easily controlled insects in the orchard, if a person only 

 sprays properly and at the right time. Orchards that are 

 sprayed regularly from one to five days before the blossoms 

 with the ordinary strength of poison will become badly infested 

 with either of these insects. If, by any chance, you have an 

 orchard badly infested with tent caterpillar and you think it 

 will cause serious defoliation before your regular spray goes 

 on, spray just as soon as they have all hatched, that is, when 

 the leaf is the size of a ten-cent piece, with two and one-half 

 pounds arsenate of lead and one and one-half gallons of lime 

 sulphur to 50 gallons and soak the trees thoroughly. On the 

 young caterpillars the lime sulphur acts by contact and will 

 kill nearly all of them. The arsenate of lead will account for 

 the remainder. 



If you have so much canker worm that you are afraid of 

 your trees being defoliated so much by their early feeding as 

 to leave no leaf surface for spray to adhere to, tanglefoot the 



