CHAP. XIX.] FARMING FOR LADIES. 367 



The "teats," or "paps," which are four in 

 number, should stand every way at equal 

 distances from each other : they should be of 

 moderate size, nor much larger near the ud- 

 der than at the end — they being then termed 

 " bell-papped" — but nearly of the same sub- 

 stance throughout, being only at the end 

 brought to a small point ; for if the teats be 

 broad at the extremity, the orifice is some- 

 times so wide that the cow cannot always re- 

 tain her milk when the udder begins to fill. 



Neat-cattle, or black cattle — as the breeds of 

 oxen are generally called — attain their matu- 

 rity at about two years old, and if allowed to 

 live, will commonly arrive at the age of fifteen 

 to twenty years ; or, in many cases, so much 

 longer, that Youatt mentions, in his ' History 

 of Cattle,' a healthy cow-calf having been 

 presented to a friend of his, whose dam was 

 in her thirty-second year ; and instances are 

 not uncommon of cows having every year 

 given a calf until full twenty years old. Ac- 

 cording to usual acceptation, without referring 

 to provincial terms, the calf, if a female, is, 

 while sucking its dam, or until a year old, 

 named a " cow-calf," then a " yearling," and 



