418 FARMING FOR LADIES. [cHAr. xxi. 



the dash must be forced with every stroke to 

 the surface of the milk or cream, it must evi- 

 dently be less in circumference than the form 

 of the churn. It must also be evident that 

 the more the churn is filled, and the richer 

 or thicker the cream, the greater will be the 

 difficulty of working the dash with equal re- 

 gularity. The churn should, therefore, never 

 be quite full, nor should more be put into it 

 than the dasher can work with ease. The 

 operation, when well performed, is perfectly 

 efficient, but when there is a large quantity 

 to be acted upon, the work is both tedious 

 and laborious. 



The barrel- churn has therefore been adopted 

 in consequence of the superior ease with which 

 it can be worked ; the internal machinery 

 being simply that of an axle and fans — 

 like these — fixed horizontally 

 in the barrel, and made to re- 

 volve by the action of a toothed 

 wheel at one end, which is 

 worked by another large fly- 

 wheel, turned by the handle fixed on one 

 of its spokes. It can be worked with much 

 greater ease than an upright plunge-chum, 



