CHAP. XXI,] FARMING FOR LADIES. 419 



and the work may be done more steadily, as 

 requiring less strength ; for the operation ge- 

 nerally requires a full hour, and must be 

 carried on during the whole time without any 

 stoppage or irregularity, as any carelessness 

 in its performance will, to a certain extent, 

 spoil the butter. Experiments have, however, 

 been tried between the upright and barrel 

 churns, with equal quantities of cream, and 

 the results are said to have proved " that the 

 upright churn gave the most butter, being 

 also better in quality, and sooner obtained."* 

 There is also a much greater difficulty in 

 keeping the barrel-churn clean ; and the up- 

 right form has, also, in our mind, another 

 advantage in the fine exercise which it affiards 

 to any healthy young person, whether male 

 or female. 



An upright barrel -churn was invented with 

 similar machinery, but to be worked by a 

 person standing on levers, or treadle-boards, 

 who, pressing alternately, first by one foot 

 and then by the other, sets in motion the 

 line connected with the churn-staff, and turns 

 the axle and fans backwards and forwards. 



* Parkinson on Live-stock, vol. i., p. 44. 



2e2 



