BONES OF THE TRUNK. 



17 



the middle straight ligament, and on the sides of the tip there is a 

 flatness for the attachment of the moderator ligaments. This pro- 

 cess is smooth in front where it touches the arch of the atlas and 

 also behind where the transverse ligament plays. Upon this process 

 the head rotates. The superior oblique jjrocess is circular and 

 slightly convex. The spinous process is long and bifid. 



The sixth has a long and pointed spinous process. 



The seventh is the largest and resembles a dorsal. The spinous 

 process is the longest and tuberculated. The foramen at the base 

 of the transverse process does not transmit the vessels. 



DORSAL VERTEBRA. 



These are twelve in number. The bodies^ are cylindrical, and 

 their transverse diameter decreases from the first to the third 

 and then increases. The upper and lower surfaces are flat, and 

 the sides have articular marks^ for the heads of the ribs. Each 

 fossa is formed by two contiguous 

 vertebrfe. The oblique processes Fig. 2, 



are vertical, the superior^ looking 

 backwards and the inferior^ looking 

 forwards. Thetrcmsversey^roQ.esses' . 

 are long, and their extremities are 

 enlarged ; in front there is an arti- 

 cular face for the tubercle of the rib. 

 The spi7ious processes^ are long 

 and triangular, broad at the base, 

 sharp-pointed and overlap each 

 other. The spinal foramen is small 

 and round. 



The first has a complete fossa for the head of the rib upon its 

 side. The eleventh and tivelfth have also complete fossje for the 

 heads of the ribs. Their transverse processes are short, directed 

 backwards, and do not articulate with the ribs. 



Fig. 3. 



LUMBAR VERTEBRJ3. 



Their number is five. The bodies are large and oval, the 

 transverse diameter being the 

 longest. The spinal foramen is 

 triangular and large. The groove 

 forming the intervertebral fora- 

 men is also large. The oblique 

 processes are vertical ; the supe- 

 rior'' looking inwards and the 

 inferior^ looking outwards; the 

 transverse processes^ are long 

 and at right angles, are short, 

 thick, quadrangular, and horizontal. 



2* 



