82 



MUSCLES OF THE BACK. 



Fig. 63. 



latter^ is nearest the spine. Insertion^ 

 into all the transverse processes of the 

 back except the first, and into all the 

 ribs beyond their tubercles, except the 

 two last. TJae ; to keep the spine 

 erect, and draw down the ribs. 



Spinalis dorsi.* — Origin, from the 

 three inferior spinous processes of the 

 back, and two superior of the loins. 

 Insertion, into the nine superior 

 spinous processes of the back, except 

 the first. Use ; to keep the spine 

 erect. 



Cervicalis descendens.^ — Origin, 

 from the four superior ribs. Insertion, 

 into the fourth, fifth, and sixth trans- 

 verse processes of the neck. 



Transverscdis cervicis.^ ^ — Origin, 

 from the five superior transverse pro- 

 cesses of the back. Insertion, into 

 the five middle transverse processes of 

 the neck. Use ; the two last' draw the 

 neck backward. 



Track elo-m astoid. '' — Origin, from 

 the three superior transverse processes 

 of the back. Insertion, into the mas- 

 toid process. 



Complexus.^ — Origin, from the 

 transverse processes of the four inferior 

 cervical, and from the spinous process 

 of the first dorsal vertebra. Insertion, 

 into the occiput between its semicircular ridges. Use; the two 

 last draw the head backward. 



Semi-spinalis cervicis.^^ — Origin, from the six superior trans- 

 verse processes of the back. Insertion, into the spinous process of 

 the five middle cervical vertebrae. 



Senii-spimalis dmsi.'^^ — Origin, from the transverse processes of 

 the seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth dorsal vertebra}. Insertion, 

 into the spinous processes of the two lower cervical, and five upper 

 dorsal vertebra?. 



MuUijidus sjiincB}^ — Origin, from the oblique and transverse 

 processes of all the vertebrse of the sacrum, loins and back, and of 

 the four inferior of the neck. Insertion, into the spinous processes 

 of all the vertebrse of the loins and back, and of the five inferior of 

 the neck. Use ; the three last Iwist the spine. 



Rectus capitis posticus major. — Origin, from the spinous pro- 

 cess of the dentata. Insertion, into the occiput at its superior semi- 

 circular ridge, and below it. Use ; it turns the head. 



