MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND THIGH. 



91 



In reaching the intestine by an operation for hernia, the order 

 of coverings would be the sJcin^ superficial fascia^ fascia propria, 

 and hernial sac. Much alteration of structure would of course exist 

 by the parts becoming thicker and more laminated. In some in- 

 stances the foramen of the sheath is not sufficiently large, and then 

 the sheath is distended and consolidated with the other coverings. 

 Many restrict the term fascia propria to this consolidated covering. 



A femoral hernia may be concealed either above or below the 

 saphenous opening ; then of course the fascia lata will also form one 

 of its coverings. 



MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND THIGH. 



Gluteus maximiis.^ (Fig. 02.) — Origin. From the crest of the 

 ilium, from a portion of the dorsum of the ilium, from the sides of 

 the sacrum and coccyx, and from the greater sacro-sciatic ligament. 

 Insertion. Into the upper third of the linea aspera, and into the fascia 

 femoris. Use. It draws the thigh backwards and keeps the trunk erect. 



Gluteus medius.^ (F'\g. 62.) — Origin. From the, dorsum of the 

 ilium between the crest and semicircular ridge, from between the 

 anterior spinous processes, and from the fascia femoris. Inser- 

 tion. Into the upper surface of the trochanter major, and into that 

 portion of the shaft just in front of it. Use. It draws the thigh 

 backwards and outwards. 



Gluteus minimus.^ (Fig. 72.) — Origiii. From the dorsum of the 

 ilium, between the semicircular 

 ridge and the capsular ligament. Fig. 72. 



Insertion. Into the trochanter ma- 



jor, 



within that of the last. Use. 



It abducts and rotates the thigh in- 

 wards. 



Pyrifo7'mis.^ — Origin. From the 

 second, third and fourth bones of 

 the sacrum. Insertion. Into top of 

 the trochanter major. Use. It ro- 

 tates the limb outwards, 



Gemini. ^° ^ — These are two in 

 number; the superior arises from 

 the spinous process of the ischium, 

 and the inferior from the tuberosity 

 of the ischium ; both are inserted 

 in common with the tendon of the 

 obturator internus. 



Obturator internus. '^^ — Origin. 



From the margin of the thyroid 



foramen and the thyroid ligament, 



and fascia iliaca. Insertion. Into 



he digital fossa of the femur. 



