CRANIAL NERVES. 



163 



Fig. 142. 



The inferior maxillary^ passes througli the foramen ovale, and 

 gives ofi^jiumerous muscular branches^ to the masseter, buccal, and 

 pterygoid muscles. The inferior dental^ is a large branch ; it enters 

 the posterior mental foramen and supplies the teeth and mylo-hyoid 

 muscle,^^ and part of it emerges upon the skin.^* It also gives off the 

 superficial temporal nerve,^^ and the auricular branches, &c. The 

 lingual, or gustatory, ^^ enters the side of 

 the root of the tongue, and is distributed 

 to its papillae. It sends a branch to the 

 submaxillary ganglion. 



7th. Facial and auditory. — Both \ 

 branches enter the internal meatus ; the 

 auditory is also called portio mollis, and 

 is distributed to the internal ear. The 

 facial is also called portio dura, and 

 emerges from the temporal bone through 

 the stylo-mastoid foramen. It penetrates 

 the parotid gland, and is distributed by 

 numerous branches upon the face, which 

 are called ^^es anserinus. 



8th. The glosso-pharyngeal^ ^ comes 

 through the forame^i lacerum poste- 

 rius, and curves forward to the side of 

 the tongue, and is distributed about its 

 root. It sends branches to the tonsils 

 and pharynx,^^ and also one to the tym- 

 panum, called Jacobson's nerve. It has 

 near its root a small ganglion,'' called ^:>e- 

 trosal, or Anderschian. The pjieumo- 

 gastric having escaped from the cranium 

 by the posterior foramen lacerum, or 

 jugular foramen, presents a ganglionic 

 enlargement^^ called plexus gangliformis. 

 A small ganglion^*^ is also found upon 

 that portion which passes through the 

 foramen. It then descends within the 

 sheath of the vessels of the neck, lying 

 behind and between the artery and vein, 

 and entering the thorax and abdomen, 

 supplies the lungs and stomach, giving 

 off the following branches : the sup)erior 

 pharyngeal assists in forming the pha- 

 ryngeal plexus,** assisted by branches 

 from the glosso-pharyngeal, the superior 

 laryngeal, and sympathetic. This plexus 

 is distributed to the muscles and mucous membrane of the pharynx. 



