106 THYSIOLOGY. 



(containing gray or vesicular matter,) their relation to the olfactory 

 nerves, their direct proportion of bulk to that of these nerves, and to 

 the development of the olfactory apparatus. The auditory ganglia 

 are not so clearly made out. In higher animals, and man, the 

 auditory nerve can be traced into a small mass of vesicular matter 

 which lies on each side of the fourth ventricle, which may be consi- 

 dered as having a character of its own, and that it is really the gan- 

 glionic centre of the auditory nerve. The ganglia of the aenae of 

 touch may be considered as existing in the ganglia on the posterior 

 roots of the spinal nerves, and of the fifth pair. As this sense is 

 diffused over the whole body, it would seem to need ganglia in con- 

 nexion with those nerves which receive the tactile impressions. The 

 gustatory ganglion is a collection of gray or vesicular matter, im- 

 bedded in the medulla oblongata, which is considered by Stilling to 

 be the nucleus of the glosso-pharyngeal nerve, and to which a por- 

 tion of the sensory root of the fifth pair may be traced. 



FUNCTIONS or THE CEREBELLUM. 



On this point there has been, and is still, much discussion. Some 

 regarding it as the organ of the sexual impulse ; others, as being 

 connected with the function of motion. 



The development of the cerebellum in the scale of animals bears 

 no relation to the energy of the sexual impulse. In the amphibia 

 (as frogs and toads) this organ is extremely small, constituting a 

 mere band lying over the fourth ventricle, and nevertheless the 

 sexual instinct of these animals is proverbial, although they have no 

 erectile organ. The same thing is true of the monkey and the kan- 

 garoo, both remarkably salacious, and yet with an inconsiderable 

 development of the cerebellum. Pathological evidence is also against 

 the phrenological doctrine; instances are on record of partial, and 

 even total absence of the organ, without the destruction of the sexual 

 passion. In the first case the individual was married, and the father 

 of several children. In the other there was a tendency to mastur- 

 bation. 



The experiments of Flourens, Hertwig, Rolando, and others, show 

 that after removal of the cerebellum the animals lost the power of 

 executing the movements necessary for locomotion; stupor in these 

 instances was never produced, nor the sensibility of any part of the 

 body destroyed ; the power of muscular movements orily was lost ; 

 neither were convulsions ever produced. By the time the last portions 

 of the organ were removed the animals had lost entirely the power of 

 springing, flying, walking, standing, and preserving their equili- 

 brium. All these mutilations were performed without the animal's 

 evincing any sensibility in the cerebellum while it was being re- 

 moved. There was no loss of volition or sensation, but merely of 

 the faculty of combining the action of the muscles in groups. These 



