110 



SURGERY. 



smaller, and made last, in order that the vessel may be secured im- 

 mediately upon the Umb 

 Fig. 42. being severed. In some 



instances it may be ne- 

 cessary to remove the 

 whole of the scapula, and 

 g^f f _>*^*^^W ^^® ^^^^ ^^ ^^® clavicle. 



The extent and character 

 of the injury must often 

 determine the shape of 

 the flaps. 



AMPUTATION OF THE 

 ARM. 



The circular operation 

 is most frequently per- 

 formed. The artery is 

 compressed by a tourni- 

 quet or the fingers, and 

 the skin drawn firmly 

 back. One circular in- 

 cision will divide the 

 skin and fascia ; another 

 will divide the muscles. 

 If the knife is held so 

 that the edge is directed 

 Fig. 43. 



slightly toward the shoulder, the end of the bone will be found in a 

 conical cavity, and can be well covered by the muscles and skin. 



