74 MATERIA MEDICA. 



Pinus palustris, or long leaved pine of the south. Grows from 60 

 to 70 ieet high ; the leaves are in threes, about a foot in length. 

 The turpentine is collected by making incisions in the trunk of the 

 tree in spring, when the juice exudes, and is collected in barrels. It 

 hardens on exposure. Colour, yellowish- white ; odour, peculiar ; 

 taste, hot, bitter, and pungent, depending on the volatile oil. 



2. Canada Turpentine, — Terehinthina Canadensis, — Sometimes 

 called Balsam of Fir, and Ca?tada Balsam ; product of the Abies 

 hahamifera or Balm of Gilead ; found in vesicles under the 

 bark. It is a transparent, yellow, thick liquid ; odour, terebinthinate 

 and aromatic ; taste, same as the former. All the turpentines are 

 inflammable, scarcely soluble in water, soluble in alcohol ; chemical 

 composition, a resin and a volatile oil. 



Uses. — Chronic rheumatism, and chronic disorders of the urinary 

 organs ; also, externally, as stimulants to indolent ulcers. Dose, 

 gr. x. to 3j. Sometimes given by enema. 



The Oil of turpentine is more frequently employed as a diuretic 

 in chronic nephritic complaints ; dose, 10 to 20 drops. 



Tar. — [Pix liquida, U. S.) Procured chiefly from the Pinus 

 palustris of North Carolina, by the slow combustion of the wood 

 arranged in large piles. It is an empyreumatic product, consisting 

 of a resin held in solution by acetic acid and empyreumatic oil, and 

 coloured by charcoal : slightly soluble in water; more so in alcohol 

 and ether. The aqueous solution — tar water — is used in chronic 

 pectoral complaints. The vapour of tar is employed for the same 

 afl^ections, by inhalation. 



Dose, internally, 3ss. to 5J. 



The ointment of tar is officinal ; used in tinea capitis. 



Pitch is the residue after the volatile parts are driven off from tar ; 

 used in plasters. 



Creosote — Creasoium. — Is one of thejngredients in the volatile 

 oil of tar. Colourless when pure, of an oily aspect, very volatile ; 

 odour, strong, peculiar, and empyreumatic ; taste, hot and acrid ; 

 slightly soluble in water, much more so in alcohol. Uses. — Anti- 

 septic, styptic ; employed in sickness of stomach and in hsemateme- 

 sis ; dose, 1 drop every half hour or hour. Used externally as a 

 stimulant ; also in the form of ointment. 



Resin — Besi?za. The residue after the distillation of the oil of 

 turpentine ; two varieties — the yellow and white. 



Uses. — Chiefly to form plasters. 



Resin Cerate. — Basilicon Ointment. — {Ceratum ResincB, U. S.) 

 — An excellent stimulant application to ulcers arising from burns. 



CoPAivA. — (Copaiba, U. S.) 



Product of the Copaifera officinalis, a tree of South America. 

 Procured by making incisions in the tree. As it flows first, it is 



