March 16, 19(>S. 



THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 



217 



work, will quickly convince any unbiased person of the in- 

 accuracy of such statements. 



A descri])tion of the actual operation is subjoined, and 

 may be readily verified. It is part of the results of a long 

 series of studies into the functions of various organs of the 

 bees. The nectar-treating worker becomes quiet, gen. rally 

 on the comb containing nectar or honey, then the mandibles 

 part, the mouth opens and becomes filled with a dron of 

 fluid. This drop extends outward between the mandibles. 

 filling the space and covering the openings of gland sy>tem 

 No. 4, of Cheshire and Cowan. (For description of functions 

 of these glands see Cowan's "Honey-Bee," pp. 120 and 1-1.) 

 The drop of fluid remains in this position for a period of sev- 

 eral minutes at a time, and while it is there the chin is 

 slowly and steadily moving up and down — exactly as if the 



bee was chewing something in her mouth — and this causes 

 the drop to pulsate slightly. During this time the tongue is 

 folded up behind the chin and lii/:rs no part in the process of 

 converting the nectar into honey. After a time the drop of 

 fluid is swallowed and after a moment's pause another ap- 

 pears and the process continues. 



Each "mouthful" is equal to more than half of the 

 capacity of the honey-sac. The tongue of the bee could not 

 begin to care for the quantity of fluid treated by her in her 

 mouth, and, furthermore, if treated on the tongue it would 

 be beyond the reach of the gland secretions. The primary 

 cause of the conversion of nectar into honey is the action 

 of the secretions of the glands; the evaporation of moisture 

 is secondary. Providence Co., R. I. 



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Ple>*«*e <utj'juwu Bet* Journal when \7ntmg 



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Otisville. Pa., Jan. 18, 1904. 

 Dsar Sir: — I have iried almost everyttaing- in 

 the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short 

 if I want any more smokers your new style is 

 good enoQ^h for me. I thaak the editor of Re- 

 view for what he said of it. Those remarks la- 

 dnced me to g^et mine. Fred Fodner. 



Reports anb 

 (Experiences 



Getting Supers Ready in Winter. 



Perhaps I should not contradict anything 

 said by G. M. Doolittle, yet my experience 

 has been directly the opposite of what he 

 advocates on page Hi, where he says : 



" All the foundation used in both sections 

 and frames in m.v apiary during the past 15 

 years, was placed where it is to be used by 

 the bees during the months o( December, 

 January, February and March." 



Last winter I fixed my supers in the way he 

 mentions, and when I came to get them to 

 place them on the hive, lo and behold I 3 

 starters out ot every 4 were fallen to the bot- 

 tom of the super, so thai I had to go through 

 every super and fasten them again. Owing 

 to this experience I shall wait until warm 

 weather to fasten starters. 



Charles M. Harris. 



Schoharie Co., N. Y., Jan. 30. 



Selling Honey in the Home Mari^et. 



I notice that some ot our bee-keepers seem 

 to have little difficulty in selling their honey 

 in their home or near-by markets. In 1903 — 

 that tine honey season — I secured from 15 

 colonies, spring count, about 4000 pounds of 

 honey. Very few people came to the house, 

 and I would have sold little in that way, but 



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