( 29 ) 



over; in these latter areas frost will not be found to have done any greater damage, while 

 on the whole the regrowth will be observed to be fuller and more vigorous. Accordingly, 

 the only rule to observe in marking for standards will be to reserve fi) all promising indi- 

 viduals of valuable timber-yielding species, (ii) all harra trees, (iii) all mab.ua, mango, achar, 

 tendu and edible fig trees in a bearing condition, and (iv) all trees and shrubs intended for the 

 cultivation of lac, quite irrespective of any consideration of their number and distribution. 

 Only the stools of timber-yielding species will be cut flush with the ground and with a 

 clenn smooth section ; in the case of other species it will suffice if stumps are not left 

 more than a few inches high and the section is not too jagged, all that is wanted 

 being that some at least of the resulting stool-shoots shall spring up close to or 

 in contact with the ground so as to ultimately become independent individuals possessing 

 their own root-system. The only exception to this rule will be, if the stem to be cut 

 is too aged to throw up good coppice and the value of the extra wood to be thereby gained is 

 entirely incommensurate with the labour and cost involved in felling low ; in such cases 

 pollarding will be allowable, if there is no neighbouring growth of greater value ready to 

 take its place, otherwise it should be girdled, to die, if possible ; if not to die, then to be 

 prevented from throwing up shoots likely to harm the more valuable neighbour. 



101. Thirdly, as regards the rest of the areas referred to in paragraph 93 above. Here 

 the rule to follow, when all the produce of the coupe can be disposed of, will obviously be 

 the same as that just explained in the immediately preceding paragraph. When, on the 

 other hand, the demand is not equal to the full possible outturn, then less strictness will be 

 exercised in selecting the standards, some of the least harmful or better class of the un- 

 promising elements of the crop will be left standing along with those which from every 

 point of view deserve to be reserved. Saplings and thin poles possessing for one reason or 

 another no present promise will be carefully cut back, even if they yield no saleable produce, 

 because it is such individuals that will furnish the very best elements for the constitution of 

 the future coppice. 



102. Fourthly and lastly, as regards the areas described in paragraph 91 above. Here all 

 promising individuals and, without exception, all teak and tinsa trees and those enumerated in 

 paragraph 103 below will be marked for reservation and the purchaser allowed to select 

 from the remainder of the crop what suits his purpose, being obliged under the express 

 terms of his license or permit to leave no stool that has not been cut within 3 inches of the 

 ground and well smoothed off. Nistar permit-holders will remove only dead or fallen wood for 

 their fuel. For fencing they may cut the following species without any restriction : 



Bekal, 



ULirara. 



Maker. Bilsena 



Akol. Karonda. 



Ranker. 

 Menhar. 



Sihaiu. 

 Pendra. 



103. Although mentioned in a particular manner only in para. 1 00 above, yet the unquali- 

 fied reservation of the following trees should be understood in all the four cases of fellings : - 



(a) All harra trees. 



(6) All mahua, mango, achar, tendu and edible fig trees in a bearing condition. 



(c) All trees and shrubs intended for the cultivation of lac. 



Also, as a general rule, fellings should be extremely light or not permitted at all in 

 places where destructive frosts occur annually. 



104. At the conclusion of the 30 years for which these fellings have been prescribed 

 two cycles of fellings will have passed through felling series subject to a rotation of 15 years, 

 two through the first 10 coupes and one through the other 10 of felling series subject to a 

 rotation of 20 years and a complete succession through all the remaining series, while in 

 the nistur series the cycle will have gone round 6 times, unless during the interval it has 

 been found necessary to further sub-divide them. In all the series without exception more or 

 less great changes for the better will have taken place, the greatest in felling series with a 

 rotation of only 15 years, the coupes of which will contain a complete succession of ages from 1 

 to 15 years with standards of two distinct classes. In the sal areas all dead and deteriorating 

 trees will have been removed and the crop will consist of vigorous young trees with a large 

 sprinkling of older ones in full growth. In the felling series outside the sal area the propor- 

 tion of the more valuable species will have everywhere increased and the young stock will 

 consist mostly of straight, healthy, well-grown individuals. The experience of the past 25 

 years goes to show that any important increase in the stock of seedling trees is not to be 

 expected, but the little increase that is certain to occur, combined with the production of at 

 Least one and half times as many coppice stems as the number of stems originally cut back 

 will make the forest growth appreciably denser. It is not too much to say that whereas the 

 present stock in the forest consists of quite 90 per cent, firewood, the percentage of timber will 

 have increased in the 30 years from 10 to at least 40. 



ARTICLE 5. Tabular Statements of the Fellings to be made. 



105. These statements are given below by Working Circles which are, as already stated 

 in paragraph 83 above, co-extensive with the five ranges. The coupes have all been marked on 

 the 4" = 1 mile maps, from which, as the boundaries follow as far as possible natural features 

 and roads, they can be laid out without difficulty. 



106. Details for the Regular Felling series are given in the following five statements. 

 The successive order of the coupes has been fixed only after a careful study of lists showing 

 the villages requiring grazing in our various forest blocks and the number of cattle sent by 

 them to graze there. 



