IS FORESTRY IN 



forests to a staff of officials endowed with special scientific 

 knowledge, they arranged in 1805 the opening of a course 

 of practical instruction in sylviculture in Purkersdorf, 

 near Vienna ; and subsequently, in 1813, increasing the 

 staff of professors, and with a well-considered plan of 

 instruction, this school was transferred to Mariabrun, not 

 far from the capital of the empire. In 1827 the plan of 

 study was changed, and the subjects of study were 

 divided into four semestres, or half-year sessions ; ulti- 

 mately, in 1852, this was reorganised by distributing over 

 three years the study of the different prescribed subjects 

 which comprised the course followed by forest engineers. 



' Other schools exist in Austria, due some to the 

 initiation of private individuals, others to the action of 

 provinces, and most to the exertions of forestal associa- 

 tions, which have increased in that country. Such, for 

 example, is the school of sylviculture in Weisswasser, that 

 in Aussee, that of Kreuz, and others. 



' A faithful imitator of Germany, and endowed with a 

 great amount of practical spirit, Russia in the beginning 

 of the present century introduced the forestal instruction 

 imported from the academies which were founded years 

 before by those who well merit the name of Fathers of 

 the present forest science. The schools of Zarsko-Selo 

 and Kafelskoy, created in 1803 and 1804, propagated the 

 movement which was being initiated by the successful 

 scholars of the German schools. These being reorganised 

 in 1813, the school was removed to St. Petersburg, where, 

 in 1829, the new school received the name of Forest 

 Institute, and was some time later made more complete 

 by the establishment of a school of practical forestry at 

 Lisseno} 7 . Russia has now additional schools, which may 

 be reckoned amongst the means available for forestal 

 instruction. These are called schools of the Steppes, 

 amongst which, deserving special mention, is that opened 

 in 1842 in Anadol, the highest lying and most barren 

 spot in the Steppes of Ekatherinoslav ; the primary object 

 of which is to educate and train sylviculturists for the 



