26 FORESTRY IN SPAIN. 



shadows, and the geometrical laws of perspective. Physics : 

 properties of bodies, gravity, specific gravity peculiarities 

 of solids, of liquids, capillarity, gases, atmospheric pressure, 

 elastic force of bodies, flotation, and temperature. 

 Acoustics : propagation of sound, and distinctive character 

 of sounds. Heat : expansion of bodies in a solid, a liquid, 

 and a gaseous state, an,d operations by which it is effected ; 

 hygrometry. and transmission of heat. Optics : propaga- 

 tion of light, photometry, reflection from plane and curved 

 surfaces, refraction and dispersion of rays, structure of the 

 eye, optical instruments, double refraction, and polarization 

 of light. Electricity and magnetism : static electricity, 

 distribution by conductors, measure of electric force, 

 magnetism, dynamic electricity, electro-magnetism, electro- 

 telegraphy, thermo-electric currents, electric induction. 

 Meteorology : thermometrical observations, winds, aqueous 

 phenomena, electric phenomena, luminous phenomena. 

 Chemistry : chemical notation, combining proportions, 

 theory of chemical equivalents, specific heat, atomic theory, 

 metalloids, and their more important compounds, other 

 elementary bodies, the more important combinations of 

 hydrogen, combinations of oxygen with other quasi- 

 elements, fluorate of silica, carburetted hydrogen, cyanogen, 

 general properties of metallic and other salts, special studv 

 of the more important metals and their compounds. 

 Natural history: distribution of existing bodies in groups 

 and kingdoms, distinctive characteristics of species, of 

 organs, apparatus and functions, mode of studying minerals 

 and determining their production, composition, and im- 

 portance, crystallography; classification, nomenclature, and 

 chemical properties of minerals. Botany : structure and 

 forms of vegetables, organs of vegetation, roots, stems, 

 leaves, with their variation and arrangement, and effects 

 of this on ramification ; flowers, inflorescence, calyx, corolla, 

 stamens, pistils, and ovary ; fruits, seeds, vegetable physi- 

 ology, nourishment and growth, reproduction, classification, 

 and specification of properties common to classes of plants. 

 Zoology ; difference between animals and vegetables. 



