THE SCHOOL OF FORESTRY I& THE ESCURIAL. ' 43 



In the cabinet of sylviculture, writes Senor Castel, 

 for a practical acquaintance with the implements 

 of labour employed in sylviculture, not only in Spain but 

 also in the principal agrico-forestral centres abroad, there 

 is located in the -school a magnificent collection of 400 

 specimens of these, of perfect construction, and arranged 

 with great taste. They comprise implements used in 

 burning over earth, such as spades, hoes, pickaxes, two- 

 pronged forks, rakes, weed-hooks, &c.; together with these are 

 those used in the surveying and treatment of trees, among 

 which the most important are axes and saws of a great 

 many different forms.* 



There are also an abundance of mattocks, knives, adzes, 

 hooks,, mallets, hammers, rammers, gouges, augurs, gimlets, 

 scrapers, shears, &c., &c. ; and there are not a wanting those 

 modest aids in sylviculture sowers, planters, transplanters, 

 primers, &c. Fruit gatherers, tree ladders, resin collectors, 

 scrapers, resin tree openers, hooks for use in rafts of 

 wood, timber, scythes, &c., complete the collection, which, 

 when shown at some exhibitions, has had awarded to it 

 the highest distinction granted for this class of objects. 



This cabinet contains also a collection of 60 ploughs, 

 harrows, rollers, levellers, rakes, scythes, axes, mattocks, 

 two-pronged forks, and sowing machines, perfectly executed 

 on the scale of Jth and Jth of full size. 



In the studies of the fourth year are comprised xilometry j 

 forest ordenacion end exploitation; forest industries; 

 political economy and administration of law ; while drawing 

 is practised continuous from the commencement of the 

 curriculum till its close. 



* Among the axes in this cabinet there deserve special notice the pruning hand-axe 

 used in Arragon ; the French hand-axe ; the common axe with one cutting edge, hoca ; 

 the common hatchet with long handle ; axe used in cutting for resin in Ooou ; small 

 pitch -maker's hatchet for cutting pitch-wood; hatchet for splitting wood; French 

 hatchet for testing ; pitch-maker s axe with shield ; pitch-maker's hatchet without 

 shield, for use on foot ; testing hatchet with two edges, used in Cuenca ; testing hatchet 

 used in Jaen ; pointed axe used in charcoal making in Cuenca ; common wood-cutter's 

 axe ; American testing axe ; workman's axe used in Segovia ; testing and felling axe 

 used in Jaen, called the Biscayan axe ; axe of Dabie ; axe of Chambray ; axe of Macon, 

 called Tailleirtarc ; Leipzig axe ; fireman's pointed axe; marking hatchet used in 

 forestral districts ; English woodman's axe, &c. 



