98 FORESTRY IN SPAIN. 



determining approximately the increase made. 5. The 

 determination of the produce of clearings. 



In 1883 there was published a valuable exhaustive 

 treatise on the scientific classification, arrangement, and 

 exploitation of forests, entitled Ordenacion y Valoracwn de 

 Monies, by D Lucas de, Olabazal, of the Corps of Forest 

 Engineers. In this are embodied and assimilated the 

 instructions given otherwise in regard to the mensuration 

 of trees, to the determination, by estimate or otherwise, 

 of the cubic measurement of the contents of a clump of 

 trees, a wood, a compartment, or a forest ; to the determina- 

 tion of what increase by growth is being made, or which is 

 expected to be made ; and to the valuation of forests and 

 forest lands : the whole being subordinated to the purpose 

 for which these data are required the management and 

 exploitation of forests in accordance with the advanced 

 forest science of the day. In doing this the author 

 defines a forest as ground of considerable extent 

 covered with woods of spontaneous growth or artificial 

 planting, maintained specially with a view to obtaining 

 timber or wood, or with a view to prevent damages being 

 done by denudation. He recognises the difference between 

 what he designates herbaceous forests, and timber forests 

 and coppice- woods. 



In the first part of his work, in which he treats of data 

 required as preliminaries to Ordenacion, he specifies 

 amongst these an inventory or special report in regard to 

 the legal condition of the forest, in regard to the administra- 

 tion of it, and in regard to rights of servitude upon it ; its 

 boundaries ; its natural conditions in relation to position ; 

 the character of the ground as to composition and super- 

 ficial contour; and its forestal condition in numerous 

 particulars. Amongst others these : details in regard to the 

 general plan of the forest ; the outline, position, contents, 

 and general conditions of the different clumps, woods, or 

 compartments, and the relative value of the characteristics 

 of each of these ; with details of a complete and of a 



