I5l> FO&ESTkY IN SPAIN. 



Information in regard to the preparation of charcoal, 

 and in some cases in regard to the collecting and utilising 

 of products, resulting from the distillation of wood, is 

 supplied by Senor Ceron ; and in 1885 there was published 

 by D. Carlos Castel y Clemente, member of the Corps of 

 Forest Engineers, a volume entitled Combustibles Vegetates: 

 Teorla y Practica de l/a Combustion, Carbonization, y 

 Destilacion de la Madera, or wood. For some years it had 

 been felt as a great desideratum in the class of Forestal 

 ludustriy in the School of Forestry, a treatise on 

 this department of forest industry, which, being 

 adapted to the existing conditions uf forest production 

 in Spain, and to the possible development of industries in 

 which might be utilised more extensively the forest pro- 

 ducts of the country, might serve as a text-book for the 

 students, and for any others who might give their attention 

 to this branch ot industry. The collection of data for the 

 preparation of such a work was begun by the author, 

 others communicated to him observations made by them ; 

 and the production of this work was the result. 



In successive chapters are discussed : 1. General ideas 

 of combustion ; the combustible elements of wood ; and 

 the theory of combustion. 2. Firewood, with a definition of 

 firewood ; notices of the calorific power and phenomena of 

 its combustion ; directions in regard to the felling of 

 firewood, and the classification and sale of the material. 3. 

 Charcoal ; the nomenclature and classification of different 

 kinds; horizontal and vertical furnaces; qualities and 

 produce of charcoal made in the open air ; relation between 

 the wood burned and the charcoal obtained. 4. Charcoal 

 and tar furnaces constructed for the preparation of tar ; car- 

 bonisation in the;:e; different structures employed. 5. 

 Apparatus for distillation of wood, and process for the 

 procuring of pyrolignous products; apparatus and process 

 employed in the separation of tar, methylene, and 

 acetic acid ; apparatus and process for the preparation of 

 illuminating gas from the distillation of wood. 6. Potash, 

 mode of obtaining this, and process of purifying ash salts 



