THE LIBRARY. 103 



obtained from wood. And in the appendix are discussed the 

 origin and classification of peat or turf; the composition and 

 analysis of this ; the digging out of peat ; the carbonisa- 

 tion of it, and the products of the distillation. 



Sub-Section 2. Collection and Manipulation of Resin. 



Similar to pitch and tar in chemical composition are 

 resin and turpentine. But these can be obtained from 

 growing trees. In the work by Senor Ceron, which I have 

 cited, information is given in regard to the collecting of the 

 raw material, the manipulation of this, and uses to which 

 the products are applied in Spain. This is an industry 

 carried on largely in the plantations, of maritime pine, 

 on the Landes of the Gironde.* The abundant growth 

 of this tree on the Peninsula is confined almost entirely 

 to the western slopes of the west coast of Portugal. 



The pine most abundant in Spain is the -stone pine 

 Pinus Pinea, there known as the Pino Pinnonero, the Pino 

 de La Tierra, the Pino Doncel, the Pino de Pinnon Comes- 

 tible ; and it is found to be well adapted for profitable 

 exploitation as a resin yielding tree. It abounds in the 

 province of Cadiz, and Senor Ceron gives the account 

 which follows of the exploitation and manipulation of its 

 produce: It. is believed to be indigenous, and produced 

 from seed ; it covers extensive areas of sandy soil, and of 

 lands called Barros alluvial lands in the lower lying 

 and sub-mountainous regions of that province. 



' The resiniferous vessels are not so pronounced in this 

 pine as they are in the Pinus Pinaster the cluster pine and 

 in the Pinus maritima ; and the body of the tree is not so 

 impregnated with resin as are these. When the east 

 wind prevails,t and the days are warm, the resin accumu- 

 lates in great quantities in the incisions made in the 



* Information in regard to these, and the exploitation of resin produced, I have given 

 in a volume entitled Pine Plantations on the Sand Wastes of France. 



1 1 presume the wind is designated from the direction whither it blows, contrary to 

 British practice o designating the direction of winds by reference to whence they cotne. 



