THE LIBRARY. 107 



c By the resinatioii of pineries similar to those of Villa- 

 nueva, there is in no way whatever affected the produce 

 in pasture and fruit, the seeds being in demand as such ; and 

 firewood, and small-kneed timber, made use of in the 

 construction of small vessels and boats, being unaffected 

 either in quantity or in pecuniary proceeds. Tortuous and 

 crooked trees, and those from which resin is collected, 

 when these have yielded all the turpentine obtainable from 

 them, admit of easy and convenient application to such 

 boat and ship-building ; and it should be known that the 

 wood obtained from trees which have thus been bled, is 

 better than those which have not so been treated, because 

 from being saturated with turpentine, they decay or rot less 

 readily and prove more lasting. The stumps, chips, and 

 defective wood of trees, which cannot be used in carpentry, 

 are appropriated for use in the manufacture of alquitran, 

 pitch or tar. 



' To effect the resination and extract the product, the 

 following implements are used : 1. A common hatchet. 

 This is used to clear away any roughness or projections 

 from the bark, and the place where the incision is made. 

 2. A pitchman's hatchet. This instrument has a certain 

 curvature in the handle, and is used to make the flat 

 wounds in the tree, and renewals of these. 3. A ladder. 

 When the cutting cannot be reached from the ground it 

 is necessary to make use of a light hand-ladder, or a three- 

 cornered pole or beam, with steps cut in it on two of the 

 angles, that placed at an inclination against the tree it 

 may enable the workman to reach the place on which he 

 has to operate. 4. A rake ; formed like a pick-axe or 

 hoe, provided with a handle a metre and half long, 

 which serves for clearing the bark at heights which cannot 

 be reached with the hatchet. 5. A resin rake. This 

 implement is used to rake off resin in a concrete or 

 solidified state from the cuttings ; it is composed of a short, 

 handle, and a curved blade of iron. 6. A shovel. This 

 shovel is of iron, with a handle of wood, and serves 

 principally for the removal of the resin to the bucket. 



