134 FORESTRY IN SPAIN. 



' The Engineers of Mines, Roads, and Forests hold Royal 

 warrants for the ranks entrusted to them in their corps, 

 with continuous salary. 



' It may be well to bear in mind, in view of cases 

 which may occur, that the department of forests had, 

 until the second period of the century, a directing and 

 administrative relation nvith the Ministry of marine with its 

 own tribunals, and a multitude of powers and privileges 

 which have disappeared being courts incompatible with the 

 legislation now in force.' 



With regard to the government of colonies it is 

 added : ' The possession abroad, according to the con- 

 stitution of the State, should be governed by special laws. 

 These laws, however, have not yet (1861) been enacted, 

 consequently the islands of Cuba and Porto-Rico, the 

 Phillipines and Fernando, Po, &c., continue to be governed 

 by the old laws of the India, and by ordinances, and Royal 

 decrees, which are issued to meet cases as they arise. 

 The inhabitants of these are not represented in the 

 congress of deputies ; but they are in the Senate, when 

 there occur the conditions prescribed for that case. The 

 Captains-general of some dominions hold the supreme 

 position in all branches of the public administration; but 

 these are subject to be called to account before the 

 Supreme Tribunal of justice when they terminate their 

 appointment. 



'Through the Direct! on-general of foreign affairs they 

 discharge under the president of the council of ministers, 

 or on the minister substituted for him in this matter, the 

 business assigned to the Ministries of grace and justice, 

 hacienda, government, and foment 'o. 



' The despatch of affairs of State, of war, and of marine, 

 is retained in the hands of the ministries of the peninsula, 

 as the nature of such business does not admit of its being 

 separated. It is, however, enjoined that the secretaries 

 of despatch of the ministries mentioned shall send to the 

 Direction of foreign affairs a list of the orders which they 



