22 MODERN FOREST ECONOMY. 



lies upon the domain of that name, between those of 

 Wianiezko and of Lublowicz. Whilst one part, cleared 

 about forty years ago, affords only a continuation of bushes 

 and thickets, in the midst of which spring up here and 

 there a few alders, maples, or hollies, in that which the 

 hand of man has respected to this day the forest offers 

 admirably tall trees of oak and beech mingled with 

 majestic firs. The bushes disappear, then a thick carpet 

 of moss and heath recover the soil. Beyond, the land loses 

 that uniformity and becomes more broken ; a torrent 

 dashes with fracas over the debris of rocks. The trees are 

 crowded together, and their branches, drawn nearer and 

 nearer, end by forming a dome which the rays of the sun 

 seek in vain to penetrate. 



' Hungary, less devastated than Poland, has preserved a 

 greater proportion of her forest wealth. Although they 

 also have experienced the effects of the mountaineer's 

 improvidence and the avidity of the commoner, the forests 

 occupy upon her territory an extent of 5,000,000 hectares. 

 The evergreen forests which cover the heights of Transyl- 

 vania have singularly to suffer from the absence of all 

 care. These same forests, from which the amentacese are 

 generally banished reappear upon the military frontiers of 

 Sclavonia, whose mountains especially they shade. It is 

 more particularly in the district of Tchaikiotes that those 

 lie which have retained the physiognomy of the ancient 

 primeval forests, such as those of Gardinovecz, of Kovill, 

 and of Katy. 



' Croatia is still better wooded than the military fron- 

 tiers. The evergreens give place to species with leaves 

 that fall, especially to beeches and the birch. In the 

 plains and valleys oaks als.o erect their magnificent trunks. 

 It is only on the frontiers of Illyria and Styria that the 

 pines and firs re-appear. The county of Warasdin alone 

 presents an extent of 14,459 hectares of forests. 



' In lower Bosnia and Servia the oak becomes the predo- 



