FOREST EXPLOITATION. 137 



land for horticultural or agricultural operations. It may 

 be considered a primitive form of clearing ; but this term 

 is now generally applied to what, in contradistinction to 

 that, is a clearing away of trees and bush to secure a clear 

 space for permanent occupation of it as a. site for some 

 building, or as a garden, or as fields for the continuous 

 culture of cereal or other crops. 



This may be properly called an exploitation of the forest 

 land it can scarcely with propriety be called an exploita- 

 tion of the forest. With more appearance of propriety 

 tiartage may be so designated, in as much as one object is 

 to utilise the ashes produced from the burning of the 

 wood, and not simply to get rid of the trees ; and in as 

 much as it is practised in certain cases in the management 

 of forests as a means of effecting improvement in these, 

 which cannot be alleged of forest clearing, as that term is 

 generally employed. 



In a volume entitled Finland: its Forests and Forest 

 Management (pp. 53-115, 217-220), the advantages and 

 disadvantages of Sartage are discussed at considerable 

 length, and copious details are given of the practice of it 

 in different lands. 



SECTION B. JARDINAGE. 



Where the object is, not to clear the ground for agri- 

 culture, but more profitably to exploit the forest produce, 

 the method of doing so generally followed has been, and 

 in many places still is, to look out for a tree likely to serve 

 the purpose designed, be this what it may, fell it and 

 bring it out from the forest, leaving the others standing. 

 Where it is firewood which is wanted, the wood-cutter 

 may go on cutting down almost every tree or shrub, and 

 yet not capriciously as the onlooker may think, while 

 felling many, leaving others. This is virtually the same 

 thing; and this method of exploitation is by French 

 foresters designated Jardinage, or gardeners practice, in 



