EXPLOITATION 157 



With the explanations cited M. Guinier proceeds to 

 state what reserves he would propose. These are : 



1. Anciens ; Modernes ; Balliveaux de VAge N~. t which are 

 designations given respectively to trees left after one 

 complete revolution of successive fellings ; trees left after 

 two of these; and trees left after three or more, and, 



2. All underwood composed of spreading shoots or 

 bushy suckers, and all shoots below a prescribed measure- 

 ment, at a height of four inches. 



Several explanations and illustrations of what is meant 

 are given ; and in regard to advantages to be secured, he 

 says : ' These are the following 



' 1. Sufficient shelter, and this as complete as may be 

 required according to circumstances, is secured for the 

 stumps, by the reserving of underwood and balliveaux ; 



' 2. The maintenance on the stumps (save with an 

 exception always restricted) of twigs belonging to the 

 underwood and the balliveaux, serving to keep up the flow 

 of sap ; 



' 3. An advance of many years increase obtained by the 

 reserving of the underwood ; 



' 4. The embroussaillement of felling proper to prevent 

 damage done by cattle, and resulting also from the reser- 

 ving of the underwood. 



' These are advantages which it is sought to secure by 

 the old method of Furetage, and they are common to both 

 methods ; the following, on the contrary, pertain exclu- 

 sively to the new method, which is designed to accom- 

 plish, under like conditions, that in which the former ia 

 defective and calls for reform. 



' 5. The production of timber of large dimensions (if the 

 ground be suitable) which may be employed in industrial 

 operations. 



' 6. The enrichment of the standing wood material, 

 and the progressive augmentation of the production ; 



c 7. The production of natural sowings by means of the 

 seed cast abundantly by the reserves ; and the amelioration 

 of the crop by the aid of natural reproduction ; 



