354 



HISTORY OF FISHES. 



part of the surface of the earth is composed at 

 present. It is supposed by them, that chalks, 

 marls, and all such earths as ferment with vi- 

 negar, are nothing more than a composition of 



and treating as the foundation of the principal division 

 among bivalves, the number of the muscular impressions. 

 He has also abandoned the divisions, multi valves, bivalves, 

 and univalves, which had been followed by most of 

 the preceding conchologists, and has increased the num- 

 ber of genera to 261. 



Synoptical Table of the Generic Characters of Lamarck's 

 Conchological System; arranged according to the des- 

 cending scale; with some additional genera, distinguished 



CLASS I. MOLLUSCA UNIVALVES. 

 ORDER. I. HETEROPODA. 



Having a head ; two eyes ; no arms ; body free ; swims 

 horizontally ; destitute of a foot ; fins, but irregular. 

 Phytliroe and Pterotrachea, destitute of shells. 

 Carnaria, Cymbium, pi. 31. fig. 1. 



ORDER II. CEPHALOPODA. 

 DIVISION I. CEPHALOPODA SEPIARIA. 



FAMILY 1. AMMONACEA. 



Mantle bag-shaped ; liead protruding from the bag, 

 with inarticulate arms, haying suckers around the 

 mouths ; two eyes ; mouth with horny mandibles. 



The genera are Sepia, Loligo, Loligopsis, and Octopus, 

 all destitute of shells. 



DIVISION II. CEPHALOPODA MONOTHALAMA. 

 Argonauta Argo, pi. 31, fig. 2. 

 DIVISION III. CEPHALOPODA POLYTHALAMA. 

 FAMILY I. AMMONACEA. 



Bacidites, Turrilites, Ammonoceras, Orbulites, and Am- 

 monites, are fossil. 



FAMILY II. NAUTILACEA. 



Nautilus pompilius,ipl. 31. fig. 3. Nummulites, Vorticialis, 

 Polystomella, Siderolites, and Discorbis, are fossil. 



FAMILY III. RADIOLACEA. 

 Placentula, Lenticulina, and Rotalia, fossil. 



FAMILY IV. SPHERULACEA. 

 Melonia, fossil. Miliola concentrica. 

 FAMILY V. CRISTACEA. 



Orbiculina, Cristellarea, and Renulina, principally fos- 

 sil. 



FAMILY VI. LITUOLACEA. 



Lituola and Spirolina, fossil. Spirula Peronii, pi. 31. 

 fig. 4. 



FAMILY VII. ORTHOCERATA. 



Conilites and Hippurites, fossil. Nodosaria radicula, 

 pi. 31, fig. 5. Orthocera raphanus, fig. 5. Belemnites, 

 fossil. 



ORDER III. TRACHELIPODA. 



SECTION I. ZOOPHAGOUS TRACHELIPODA. 



Body of the animal spirally convolute posteriorly, se- 

 parated from the foot ; shell spiral enveloping the ani- 

 mal. This order is divided into three sections. 



FAMILY I. INVOLUTA. 



Conus betulinus, pi. 31, fig. 6. Oliva utriculus, f. 7. An- 

 cillaria glandiformis, f. 8. Terebellum Rubulatum, f. 9. 

 Cj/prcea Lynx. f. 10. Ovula verrucosa, f. 11. 



FAMILY II. COLUMELLARIA. 

 Volvaria cylindrica, pi. 31, fig. 12. Marginetta bivar- 



shells, decayed, and crumbled down to one 

 uniform mass. 



Sea-shells are either found in the depths of 

 the ocean, or they are cast empty, and forsaken 



icostata, f. 13. Voluta scaplia, f. 14. Mitra tameata, f. 15. 

 Columbella rustica, f. 16. 



FAMILY III. PURPURIFERA. 



Terebra vittata, pi. 31. fig. 17. Eburna spirata, f. 18. 

 Buccinum lineolatum, f. 19. Dolium tessetatum, f. 20. 

 Harpa nobilis, f. 21. Concliolepas Peruvianus, f. 22. 

 Monoceros glabratum, f. 23. Purpura bicostalis, f. 24. 

 Recinula arachnoides, f. 25. Cassis areola, f. 26. Cassi- 

 daria echinophora, f. 27. 



FAMILY IV. ALATA. 



Strombus succinctus,p\. 31. fig. 28. Pterocera millepeda. 

 f. 29. Rostellaria columbina, f . 30. 



FAMILY V. CANALIFERA. 



Triton scorbiculator, pi . 3 1 . fi g. 3 1 . Murex acantJiopterus, 

 f. 32. Ranetta granulata, f. 33. Struthiolaria nodulosa, f. 

 34. Fyrula reticulata, f. 35. Fusus longicaudata, f. 3ti. 

 Fasdolaria tulipa, f. 37. Cancettaria asperella, f. 38. Tur- 

 binella scolymus, f. 39. Pleurotoma Babylonia f. 40. 

 Cerithium aluco, f. 41. 



SECTION II. PHYTOPHAGA. 



FAMILY I. TURBINACEA. 



Turitella duplicata, pi. 31. fig. 42. Phasianella varia, f. 

 43. Planaxis undulata, f. 44. Turbo smaragdus, f. 45. 

 Monodonta canalifera, f. 46. Trochus papiflosus, f. 47. 

 Rotella vestrarius, f. 48. Solarium variegatum, f. 49. 



FAMILY II. SCALARIDES. 



Delphinula laciniata, pi. 31. fig. 50. Scalaria coronata, 

 f. 51. Vermetus lumbricalis, f. 52. 



FAMILY III. PLICACEA. 



Pyramidella maculosa, pi. 31. fig. 53. Tornatella flam- 

 med, f. 54. 



FAMILY IV. MACROSTOMA. 



Haliotis tuberculata, pi. 31. fig. 55. Stomatia phymotis, 

 f. 56. Stomatella auricula, f. 57. Sigaretus haliotoideus, 

 f. 58. Galerindum larijatttm. fig. 111. 



FAMILY V. IANTHINIA. 

 lantliina exigua, pi. 31. fig. 59. 



FAMILY VI. NERITACEA. 



Natica stercus-muscarum, pi. 31. fig. 60. Nerita pelo- 

 ronta,f.6l. *Neritoideslittoralis,i.\\ : l. Neritma, punc- 

 tulata, f. 62. Navicella tesselaria, f. 63. 



FAMILY VII. PERISTOMIDA. 



Ampullaria rugosa, pi. 31. fig. 64. Paludina vivipara, 

 f. 65. Valvata depressa, f. 66. Pirena Madagascar ensix, 

 f. 67. Melanopsis costata, f. 68. Melania granifera, f. 69. 



FAMILY IX. LYMW.EACEA. 



Lymncea auricularia, pi. 31. fig. 70. Physa hypnorum, 

 f. 71. Planorbis corneus, f. 72. 



FAMILY X. COLIMACEA. 



Cyclostoma bistriatus, pi. 31. fig. 73. Auricula felis, f. 

 74. Succinea amphibia, f. 75. Achatina perdior, f. 76. 

 Bulimus-radiatus, f. 77. Clausilia ventricosa, f. 78. Pu- 

 pa unidentata, f. 79. Helicina major, f. 80. Anastoma 

 globosa, f. 81. Carocolla Madagascar ensis, f. 82. Helix 

 nemoralis, f. 83. 



ORDER IV. GASTEROPODA. 



Body always straight, never enveloped in a shell 

 which can entirely contain it; foot situated under the 

 abdomen, united to the body nearly its whole length. 



