INSECTS IN GENERAL. 



445 



but when the skin, that like a pair of stays, 

 kept them confined, bursts, they are then ex- 

 panded, and the animal pursues the purposes 

 for which it was produced. 



FAMILY III. MANTIDES. 



Tarsi five jointed ; wings simply folded longitudin- 

 ally ; body elongated, head uncovered ; palpi short, 

 filiform ; two anterior feet greatly longer than the 

 others, haunches long, thighs strong, compressed ; legs 

 terminated by a strong hook,- capable of being folded 

 under the thighs ; thorax large. Mantis relyiosa, pi. 

 28, f. 75. 



FAMILY IV. SPECTRA. 



Under lip unequally divided ; anterior margin of up- 

 per lip notched ; antennae placed nearer the mouth than 

 the centre of the head ; head projecting, elongated, and 

 posteriorly rounded ; eyes small ; first segment of the 

 thorax short, being scarcely longer than the second. 

 Phyllium psama, pi. 29, f. 76. 



SECTION II. 



With the exception of the first family, the elytra and 

 wings are sloping like a roof ; posterior thighs and feet 

 very large, and formed for leaping. 



FAMILY I. GRYLLIDES. 



Elytra and wings horizontal ; antennae setaceous or 

 filiform, tarsi three jointed. Gryllus trifasciatus, pi. 28, 

 f. 77. 



FAMILY II. LOCUSTARTJB. 



ted 

 158. 



Elytra and wings sloping like a roof ; tarsi four join- 

 d, antennae setaceous. Locusta viridissima, pi. 29, f. 



SECTION III. 



Elytra and wings sloping like a roof ; posterior feet 

 formed for leaping ; tarsi five jointed ; elytra alike in 

 both sexes ; antennae sword-shaped, filiform in both sex- 

 es, claviform in the males only, in some species. 



ACRIDITES. 



Posterior feet weak, shorter than the body, hardly 

 formed for leaping ; abdomen turned. Acridium orna- 

 tum, pi. 28, f. 78. 



ORDER VI. HEMIPTERA. 



Two wings covered by elytra ; mouth constructed for 

 suction ; the rostrum composed of a tubular articulated 

 sheath, enveloping four scaly setae, instead of mandibles 

 and jaws ; elytra in some of the species crustaceous, 

 with the posterior extremity membranous ; in others 

 nearly similar to wings, but more extended, thicker, and 

 coloured. 



SECTION I. HETEROPTERA. 



Rostrum placed on the anterior extremity of the 

 head ; elytra and wings horizontal, terminated abruptly 

 by a membranous appendage. 



FAMILY I. GEOCORIS^B. 



Antennae placed near the internal margin of the eyes, 

 and somewhat longer than the head ; tarsi three jointed, 

 the first in some species very short. Tribe i. Longila- 

 bra. Scutellcra vasalis, pi. 28, f. 79. Tribe ii. Mem- 

 branaceae. Cimex lectularius, f. 80. Tribe iii. Nudicollis. 

 Reduvius raptatorius, f. 81. Tribe iv. Oculatae. Lep- 

 topus littoralis. Tribe v. Ploteres. ffydrometra linea- 

 ro, pi. 29, f. 82. 



FAMILY II. HYDROCORIS.E. 

 Antennae placed under the eyes, concealed, and even 



The THIRD ORDER of insects is of the moth 

 and butterfly kind. These all have four 

 wings, each covered with a mealy substance of 

 various colours, which when handled comes off 



longer than the head ; tarsi two jointed. Tribe i. 

 Nepides . Belostoma marginata, pi. 28, f. 84. Tribe ii. 

 Notonectides. Noctonecta glauca, f. 85. 



SECTION II. HOMOPTERA. 



Rostrum projected from the lower part of the head, 

 between the tAvo anterior feet ; elytra generally inclined, 

 of equal thickness throughout, sometimes resembling 



wings. 



FAMILY III. CICADARIJE. 



With wings and elytra ; tarsi three jointed ; antennas 

 small, conical, or subulate ; three to six jointed, includ- 

 ing the setae, which terminate them ; female ovipositor 

 dentated. Tribe i. Stridulantes. Cicada flavopunctata, 

 pi. 28, f. 86. Tribe ii. Fulgorellao. Fulgora punctata, 

 f. 87. Tribe iii. Membracides. Darnis camelus, f. 

 88. Tribe iv. Cicadella. Ledra aurata. 



FAMILY IV. HYMENELYTRA. 



Tarsi two jointed, generally with two terminal hooks, 

 or simply vesicular ; antennae ten or eleven jointed, 

 longer than the head ; body soft. Tribe i. Psyllides. 

 Liviajuncorum, pi. 28, f. 90. Tribe ii. Physapi. Thrips 

 physapus,f.9\. Tribe iii. Aphidii. Aphis rosice, f. 92. 

 f. 92 a, larva of the same. 



FAMILY V. GALLINSECTA. 



Tarsi of one joint, with a terminal hook. Males two 

 winged, or with two elytra, and devoid of a rostrum. 

 Females apterous ; antennae eight, nine, and eleven 

 jointed, and in some instances twenty-two to twenty- 

 four. Coccus cacti, pi. 28, f. 93. 



ORDER VII. NEUROPTERA. 



Wings four, naked, reticulated and transparent ; 

 mouth formed for mastication ; jaws and lips straight, 

 extended ; joints of the tarsi various, mostly entire. 



SECTION I. SUBULICORNES. 



Antennae little longer than head ; subulate, seven 

 jointed, the last formed of a seta; mandibles and jaws 

 covered by lips, or by an anterior projection of the 

 head ; eyes projecting, large ; wings extended horizon- 

 tally, or perpendicular. 



FAMILY I. LIBELLULIN^E. 



Tarsi three jointed ; mandibles and jaws corneous, 

 very strong ; dentated ; wings equal. Libellula varia, 

 pi. 28, f. 94. 



FAMILY II. EPHEMERIN^J. 



Tarsi four jointed ; body very soft ; lower wings much 

 smaller than the upper ones, in some species exceed- 

 ingly minute ; abdomen terminated by two or three fil- 

 aments. Ephemera bioculata, pi. 28, f. 95. 



SECTION II. FILICORNES. 



Joints of antennae generally numerous, thickened to- 

 wards the end, filiform, or setaceous, and longer than 

 the head. 



FAMILY III. PLANIPENNES. 



Tribe i. Panorpatae. Panorpa rufa, pi. 28, f. 96. 

 Tribe ii. Myrmeleonides. Ascalaphus barbarus, f. 97. 

 Tribe iii. Hemerobini. Hemerobius longicornis, pi. 29, 

 f. 98. Tribe iv. Psoquillae. Psocus bipundatus. Tribe 

 v. Termitinae. Termes lucifugum. Tribe'.vi. Raphidina? 

 Raphidia ophiopsis. Tribe vii. Semblides. Corydalis 

 cornuta. Tribe viii. Perlides. Perla lutea. 



