EARLY TUDOR GARDENS. 83 



48 lights, every light in the upper story containing 4^ foot, in 

 the nether story every light containing 4^ foot 3 inches, which 

 amount in all (to) 211 foot at 5<i. the foot, 4. 75. nd." This 

 gives one some idea of how large the arbour was, and how 

 carefully it was made. It appears, furthermore, from the 

 accounts, that the "south herber " was connected with the west 

 one by a gallery running along the wall, which was made of 

 wooden poles and trellis-work. Such galleries were marked 

 characteristics of late fifteenth and early sixteenth century 

 gardens and designs for them are found in some old works ; the 

 best of these being in the Hortus Floridus of Crispin de Pas 

 (or Passe) which was translated into English in 1615. They 

 existed in Hampton Court before Henry VIII. made his 

 alterations there, and are thus referred to in Cavendish's 

 metrical life of Wolsey. 



" My galleries were fayre, both large & longe 



To walk in them when that it liked me beste 



***** 



With arbours & alleys so pleasant & so dulse 

 The pestilent airs with flavours to repulse." 



I do not know of a single example of a gallery or arbour, of 

 this description, in existence. They were made of perishable 

 material, such as wood-trellis planted with creepers, vines, roses, 

 or honeysuckle, therefore even those which were not pulled down 

 purposely, must have been long ago destroyed by time. And 

 it is also much to be regretted that few, if any, examples are 

 to be found in English illuminated books, although plenty of 

 pictures occur in foreign MSS. of this period, especially French 

 and Flemish. The scarcity of English examples is no doubt 

 partly owing to the destruction of religious books at the 

 time of the Reformation. They are found chiefly in the 

 calendars at the beginning of missals, or Books of Hours, 

 where the miniature for the month of May is frequently a 

 garden, or the garden of the day is introduced, in the 

 illustration of some sacred subject. The gallery ran along the 

 outer wall of the garden, the wall forming one side, posts 

 of wood in a series of arches the other, while the pathway 



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