106 



A HISTORY OF GARDENING IN ENGLAND. 



in 1534, in his Book of Husbandry, devotes a paragraph to 

 showing " howe forkes and rakes shulde be made." He says 

 that they should be prepared in the winter, "when the 

 housbande sytteth by the fyre, and hath nothynge to do than 

 may he make theym redye, and tothe* the rakes with dry 

 wethywode, and bore the holes with his wymble,t bothe aboue 

 and vnder, and drive the tethe vpwarde faste and harde, and 

 than wedge them aboue with drye woode of oke . . . They be 

 most comonly made of hasell and withee." Fitzherbert also 

 gives a list of the tools used for grafting : " a graffynge-sawe . . 



A VIIK krafr Jf I 



*** -\ ***** ********* 



TOOLS USED IN GRAFTING. 



very thynne, and thycke-tothed," " a gramng-knyfe, an inch 

 brode with a thycke backe, to cleue the stock with all," 

 " a mallet to dryue the knyfe and thy wedge in-to the tree," 

 " a sharpe knyfe to pare the stockes heed, and an other 

 sharpe knyfe to cutte the graffe cleane." " Two wedges of 

 harde wood or elles of yren." 



While the husbandman was working in his garden, or 

 making his tools, the housewife busied herself with the 

 preparation of conserves of fruit, and distilling and making 



* = tooth. f = an auger. 



