KITCHEN GARDENING UNDER ELIZABETH AND JAMES I. 149 



from among those he calls "very good," or "fair," "great," 

 "goodly," and " very well rellished." " Pearmain, Russeting, 

 Broading, Flower of Kent, Davie Gentle, Costards Harvey, 

 Deusan or Apple-John, Kentish Codlin, and Worcester apple." 

 We can gather which were the best known and most popular 

 sorts, from casual references to them in various writings of the 

 period, such as, 



" In July come ginnitings and quadlings." BACON, Essay on Gardens. 

 11 Ripe as a pomewater." Love's Labour's Lost, act iv. scene 3. 

 " I am withered like an old Apple-John." ist Henry IV., act iii. scene 3. 

 " Pippins, caraways and leathercoats." 2nd Henry IV., act v. scene 3. 

 " And after pleasing gifts for her purvey 'd, 

 Queen-apples, and red cherries from the tree." 



Faerie Queene, Canto VI., fragment of Book VII. 

 " Tho' would I seeke for Queene Apples unrype." 



Shephearde 's Calendar, June. 



" Not yet old enough for a man, nor young enough for a boy : as a squash 

 is before 'tis a peascod, or a codling when 'tis almost an apple." 



Twelfth Night, act i. scene 5. 



Cooking apples were baked or roasted or dressed in many 

 other ways, and the choicer varieties were served as now for 

 dessert at the end of dinner. 



" I will make an end of my dinner ; 

 There's pippins and cheese to come." 



Merry Wives of Windsor, act i. scene 2. 



"The best sort of apples serve at the last course of the table, 

 in most men's houses of account, where, if they grow any 

 rare or excellent fruit, it is then set forth to be seen and 

 tasted.* Cider was still made in quantities, and the largest 

 orchards were of cider apples, but there was yet another use 

 made of this fruit. The " pulp of apples and swine's grease and 

 Rosewater" was made into an ointment, "used to beautifie 

 the face," " which is called in shops pomatum." t 



The Quince, which is now almost entirely neglected, received 

 much attention. Hugh Platt says they " may well be grafted 

 on a medlar " (but not a medlar on a quince, proved by Master 

 Hill). Gerard gives three varieties, Parkinson six, and writes, 



* Parkinson. f Gerard. 



