252 A HISTORY OF GARDENING IN ENGLAND. 



it is not bounded by walls, but by a Ha-hah, which leaves you 

 the sight of a bewtifull woody country, and makes you ignorant 

 how far the high planted walks extend." 



The garden thus by means of the ha-ha was becoming merged 

 in the park. In many cases the actual garden was neglected 

 to carry out larger designs in the parks. The changes at 

 Boughton, in the reign of George I., were typical of the times ; 

 the extensive waterworks were done away with, the wilderness 

 was enlarged, and many miles of avenues were planted. 



"Who plants like Bathurst ? " wrote Pope, and as Pope 

 was a leader of fashion in planting, we may be sure that 

 Bathurst's method was characteristic of this period. It was 

 not a garden he planted at Cirencester, but a park, with 

 miles of avenues skilfully planned, yet all distant from .the 

 house, and with but little of them visible from the small garden. 

 The summer-house, where Pope used to sit, and enjoy the 

 beauty of the planting, is where seven avenues diverge more 

 than a mile from the house. A still finer point is two miles 

 further off where ten avenues meet. The same idea was carried 

 out at Badminton, where the avenues extended for miles into the 

 country, and met at a distant point.* This is all quite beyond 

 the scope of a garden, and therefore beyond my subject, but as 

 we have reached the time when, according to Walpole, " Kent 

 leapt the fence and saw all nature was a garden," we were bound 

 to take a glance beyond. 



To the lovers of flowers, a garden was always a garden ; under 

 their protection, horticulture and botany were making steady 

 progress, in spite of the new rage for merging the garden in the 

 park. The workers in the practical branches of gardening were 

 many. Richard Bradley, Philip Miller, Thomas Fairchild, and 

 John Lawrence, were among the most famous. Bradley was 

 a very voluminous writer on Natural History, Gardening, and 

 Botany. He entered into various questions concerning the 

 growth of plants, the movements of the sap, and fertilization. 

 " The sap of plants," he wrote, " circulates much after the same 

 manner as the Fluids do in Animal Bodies." On fertilization 



* See Kip's Views, reproduced in Blomfield and Thomas's Formal 

 Garden. 



