HISTORY OF HEREFORD CATTLE 



311 



Journal/ it will be noticed that H. & I. Groff 

 entered an animal, No. 15, of the exhibition 

 catalogue, as dropped May the 27th, 1880, and 

 another, No. 17, May 29, 1879, and No. 18 as 

 April the 19th, 1879. This makes No. 15 two 

 years six months and two days old. I present 

 a cut (Fig. 20), which shows the mouth of this 

 animal, 'Young Aberdeen,' stall 15, and I be- 

 lieve him Prof. Youatt being the authority 

 to be five years old. I also present a cut (Fig. 

 21) showing the outside of 'Young Aber- 

 deen's' teeth, and that absorption has already 

 begun. I also present cut (Fig. 16), which is 

 taken from the mouth of the steer 'Canada 

 Champion/ who stood in stall No. 17 in the ex- 

 hibition catalogue, and a cut (Fig. 17), which 

 shows the outside of the same mouth and from 

 the same steer 'Canada Champion/ 



"Another cut (Fig. 18) was from the mouth 

 of the steer entered in the exhibition catalogue 

 as No. 18. One half of the mouth was destroyed 

 in slaughtering, but the other half answered 

 equally well as though the whole were present. 

 The cut (Fig. 19) shows the outside of the 

 same mouth. Nos. 17 and 18, by referring to 

 the exhibition catalogue, were entered as fol- 

 lows: No. 17, as dropped May 29, 1879, and as 

 1,265 days old, or three years six months and 

 five days old; No. 18, dropped April 19, 1879, 

 1,305 days old, or three years seven months 

 and fifteen days old. My next cut (Fig. 22) 

 is the mouth of the steer entered in the exhibi- 

 tion catalogue as 111, and as dropped February, 

 1880, and as 1,011 days old, or two years nine 

 months and 21 days. Another cut (Fig. 23) 

 shows the front view of the teeth of this ani- 

 mal, both cuts showing the full mouth of eight 

 teeth. Cut (Fig. 24) is from the steer entered 

 as No. 113, dropped August 28, 1879, and 1,174 

 days old, or three years three months and four 

 days old. Fig. 25 shows the outside of the 

 same mouth. Figures 22 and 23 were from the 



1222 



FIG. 19, OUTSIDE VIEW OF MOUTH OF 

 THE WEST." 



'KING OF 



mouth of the steer that Mr. Moninger called 

 'Grinnell.' The Figures 24 and 25 are from 

 the mouth of the steer Mr. Moninger called 

 'Tom Brown.' From the outside view of 'Tom 

 Brown's' mouth it will be perceived that the 

 teeth begin to show space between them, giving 

 them a long appearance, and showing how ab- 



sorption has commenced. Now I wish to call 

 attention to the exhibit of T. L. Miller's, as 

 shown on page 715 in the December number of 

 this journal. The Messrs. Groff's 'Young 

 Aberdeen/ No. 15 in the catalogue, two years 

 and six months old, has a full mouth. Nos. 78, 

 79, 80 and 81 (Miller's exhibit) are two years 

 eight months old, and two years seven months 

 old. Each of these animals (Herefords) had 



FIG. 20. TEETH OF SHORTHORN "YOUNG ABER- 

 DEEN." 

 (Exhibited as 2 years 6 months 2 days.) 



only four permanent teeth. They are entered 

 as practically the same age as Nos. 15 and 111 

 (Shorthorns), which had full mouths of eight 

 teeth. 



"Referring again to Nos. 83 and 84 (Here- 

 fords), T. L. Miller's exhibit, one three years 

 eight months, and the other three years nine 

 months old, reaching well up towards four 

 years old, had but six permanent teeth each, 

 while 17, 18 and 113 (Shorthorns) had a full 

 mouth of eight teeth, and a clear indication 

 that absorption had already commenced. I 

 wish to call attention still further to the fact 

 that the following numbers in the exhibition 

 catalogue, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89 and 90 (Here- 

 fords), all reached up well towards four years 

 old, no one of which had but six permanent 

 teeth. Mr. Moninger's 'Champion of Iowa' 

 (Shorthorn) had a mouth corresponding to 

 Fig. 14, while No. 74 (Hereford) of the exhibi- 

 tion catalogue, dropped Dec. 1, 1880, 714 days 

 old, or one year eleven months and twenty- 

 four days; and entry 22, dropped Nov. 30, 

 1880, 715 days old, or one year eleven months 

 and twenty-five days old; neither of these had 

 but two permanent teeth. From the indica- 

 tions of teeth development in many animals I 

 have already examined, where the birth of the 

 animals was recorded at the time of the birth, 

 I find very little variation from the authority of 

 Prof. Youatt, laid down fifty years ago. Sev- 

 eral of the animals that were exhibited by 



