GARDENING IN THE SOUTHERN STATES. 27 



by tasteful culture and planting, and produced an arboretum of 

 evergreens and other elegant forest trees probably not surpassed at 

 the time in the United States. 1 



Another of Bartram's friends was James Logan, one of the 

 primitive fathers of Penns} 7 lvania, who came to America, in com- 

 pany with William Penn, in 1G99. He published in 1735 an 

 account of his experiments -and observations on Indian corn, which 

 were very remarkable for that day, in support of the Linnsean 

 doctrine of the sexes of plants. At his estate, " Stenton," near 

 Germantown, he planted, about 1730, a grand avenue of the hem- 

 lock spruce, which has remained to the present day. 2 



John Bartram's son William, who had accompanied his father in 

 many of his journeys, set out in 1773 on a botanical exploration 

 of the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida, his travels extending west 

 to the Mississippi River. In the course of these explorations, 

 which continued through five years, he made many interesting ob- 

 servations on the horticulture of the European settlers and of the 

 Indians. Near Charleston, S.C., he noticed a large plantation of 

 the European mulberry (Morus alba) , some of which were grafted 

 on the native mulberry (Morus rubra) for the purpose of feeding 

 silk-worms. Near Savannah he found the garden of the Hon. 

 Jonathan Byram furnished with a variety of fruit trees and flower- 

 ing shrubs. At Frederica, the first town built by the English in 

 Georgia, peach, fig, pomegranate, and other trees and shrubs, were 

 growing out of the ruins. On the banks of the St. John's River, 

 in Florida, he saw many large and flourishing orange groves, the 

 descendants of the trees introduced by the early Spanish settlers. 

 Many other fine groves had been exterminated to make room for 

 the cultivation of indigo, cotton, corn, and sweet potatoes. At 

 the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers, in Alabama, 

 he saw several large apple trees, planted by the French, which 

 were in a very thriving condition. In a garden at Mobile, the 

 Dioscorea bulbifera was cultivated for its edible roots. At Pearl 

 Island, near New Orleans, Bartram found peaches, figs, grapes, 

 plums, and other fruits, in the utmost degree of perfection ; and at 

 a plantation on the Mississippi, near Baton Rouge, he observed, 

 in a spacious garden, many useful and curious exotics, particu- 

 larly the tuberose, which grew from five to seven feet high in the 

 open ground, the flowers being very large and abundant. 



1 Darlington's Memorials, p. 22. 



2 Ibid., pp. 21, 307; Downing's Landscape Gardening, sixth ed., p. 43. 



