30 INTRODUCTION. 



One of the finest gardens near Charleston in 1808 was that of 

 Charles Dra} T ton at St. Andrews. It contained many valuable 

 exotics ; but the principal effort of the proprietor was to make a 

 concentrated display of the botanic riches of the State, in which 

 he was very successful. His garden was arranged with exquisite 

 taste. Another garden was formed by William Williamson at St. 

 Paul's, and afterwards owned by John Champneys. The exten- 

 sive pleasure grounds were planted with every species of flowering 

 trees and shrubs, native and foreign, and another part contained 

 a great number of fruit trees, especially pecan nuts and pear trees. 

 The Melia Azedarach, or Pride of India tree, was introduced by 

 Thomas Lamboll. 1 



New Smyrna, in Florida, was founded in 1763 by Dr. Andrew 

 Turnbull, who carried thither a colony of fifteen hundred Greeks, 

 Italians, and Minorcans. His main object was the production of 

 sugar and indigo ; but the vine, fig, pomegranate, olive, orange, and 

 other tropical fruits were planted, and some of the old fig and 

 olive trees still remain. One of the varieties of orange introduced 

 by him was of such excellence that it is still cultivated as the 

 Turnbull orange. In St. Augustine there was a garden-lot to each 

 house, most commonly stocked with orange and fig trees, inter- 

 spersed with grape vines and flowers. The pomegranate, pine- 

 apple, papaw, plantain, olive, orange, and most of the exotic and 

 indigenous plants common to the tropics and the Middle States, 

 were cultivated in the garden attached to the Government House. 

 The Island of Anastatia, opposite St. Augustine, was remarkable 

 for date and olive trees, and for the fine quality of the oranges 

 grown there. The orange, fig, peach, pomegranate, and other fruit 

 trees, were also produced at Pensacola. 2 



The barberry was early introduced into the gardens of New Eng- 

 land, and increased so rapidly, that in 1754 the Province of Massa- 

 chusetts passed an act to prevent damage to English grain arising 

 from barberry bushes in the vicinity of grain fields. 8 



As early as 1762 the scarcity of corn in New England led to the 

 inquiry whether some foreign vegetable might not be introduced 

 which would serve as a substitute for bread. The subject was fully 

 discussed, and, as a consequence, potatoes were soon after largely 



1 Ramsay's History of South Carolina, ed. 1858, Vol. II. pp. 128, 129, 193. 



2 Forhes's Sketches of the Floridas, pp. 85-91, 178; Letters of Edmund H. Hart and 

 W. 8. Hart. 



3 Acts and Resolves of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, Vol. IH. p. 797. 



