THE ELM. 103 



Sometimes they called in the aid of frost, by cutting 

 a trench and removing the earth round the tree before 

 the autumnal rains. When the frost set in, the bulb 

 was consolidated, and could be cut out in one mass, 

 along with the tree. But in the case of large trees, 

 the weight of these bulbs was very great; and they 

 could be raised only by powerful cranes, which were 

 also necessary to move the tree to and from the plat- 

 form on which it was transported. The platform was 

 made low, and with small wheels, which further aug- 

 mented the force necessary for its removal; and thus 

 the transportation of even a moderate tree for a short 

 distance, required a great deal of animal power. 

 Many trees were, however, moved about Blenheim, 

 and some of the other seats of the nobility. 



About sixty years after the time of Evelyn, the 

 " transplanting machine" was invented by Brown, the 

 celebrated landscape-gardener, and the removal of 

 large trees became much more easy. The machine con- 

 sisted of two very high wheels, an axle, and a pole ; 

 and when the trees were large, a truck- wheel was used 

 at the end of the pole. The tree was considerably 

 lopped, the earth loosened from the roots, the pole 

 set erect and lashed to the stem; and then a pur- 

 chase being made fast to the upper part of the pole, 

 the whole was pulled at once, and drawn horizontally 

 along. 



Still, though this machine, and the mode of using 

 it, were great improvements upon the methods re- 

 commended by Evelyn, yet the trees were subjected 

 to much mutilation ; and they did not recover their 

 beauty and vigour till some time had elapsed. 



In the year 1816, a much improved mode of trans- 

 planting grown timber was introduced by Sir Henry 

 Stuart, of Allanton. By the practice of that mode, 

 he, in the course of five years, and at an expense 

 remarkably moderate, converted his park, from a cold 



