104 VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES. 



and naked field, to a rich scene of glade and wood- 

 land. Sir Henry's success has been so complete, 

 that his example has been followed by many other 

 proprietors in the uplands or central part of the 

 south of Scotland. Generally speaking, that part of 

 the island is remarkably destitute of timber; and as 

 the country is pastured by sheep, which require 

 fences more elevated and also more close than cattle, 

 the rearing of wood, in the common way of planting, 

 is very expensive. The nakedness of that part of 

 Scotland is severely felt in the violence of the winds, 

 which are certainly more tempestuous, and attended 

 by more intense cold, than in some places of the 

 country much further to the north, the snows never 

 falling to the same depth, or being accompanied by 

 the same violence on the Grampians in Perthshire, 

 as upon the naked mountains in the counties of Sel- 

 kirk and Peebles. In this part of the country, there- 

 fore, the invention by Sir Henry Stuart is of the 

 utmost value. Nor is its value confined to those 

 districts in which wood is wanted; for there is much 

 in the disposition of trees, not only as respects beauty, 

 but as regards usefulness; and by Sir Henry's plan 

 growing timber may be moved, at no very great 

 expense, from one place to another, and that without 

 almost the least interruption of its growth. 



According to this method, there is no mutilation 

 of the tree, not a branch is lopped off ; and at the 

 time of the removal, not a root is broken: the trees 

 are prepared before they are begun to be removed. 

 This preparation consists in cutting all the roots at 

 some distance from the tree. It is well known that 

 such an operation, instead of being hurtful to trees, 

 is often of advantage. When the long lateral roots 

 are cut, the stumps, if they have not been rendered 

 too short, put out a number of young fibres, which 

 appear to draw and convey the nourishment with 



